Question 1

Briefly describe the steps involved in systematic desensitization,using a health psychology example.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique used to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety by gradually exposing them to their feared object or situation in a controlled and safe manner. The steps involved in systematic desensitization include:

1. Creating a fear hierarchy: The first step is to work with the individual to create a list of situations or stimuli related to their fear, ranked from least to most anxiety-provoking. For example, in a health psychology context, a person with a fear of needles may have a fear hierarchy that includes looking at pictures of needles, being in the same room as a needle, and eventually receiving an injection.

2. Progressive relaxation: The individual is taught relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or muscle relaxation, to help them manage their anxiety during exposure.

3. Exposure: The individual is gradually exposed to the items on their fear hierarchy, starting with the least anxiety-provoking item and working their way up. For example, they may start by looking at a picture of a needle while practicing relaxation techniques, and then progress to being in the same room as a needle, and eventually receiving an injection.

4. Reinforcement: Throughout the exposure process, the individual is encouraged to use their relaxation techniques and is provided with positive reinforcement for their efforts.

By following these steps, individuals can learn to manage and eventually overcome their fears through systematic desensitization.

Question 2

Identify at least three distinct health risks posed by obesity.Also,identify at least three components of obesity prevention programs for children and youth that have shown promise in recent meta-analyses.

Accepted Answer

Three distinct health risks posed by obesity include an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Obesity can also lead to high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and joint problems.

Three components of obesity prevention programs for children and youth that have shown promise in recent meta-analyses include promoting physical activity, encouraging healthy eating habits, and providing education on the importance of maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, programs that focus on reducing screen time and promoting family involvement in healthy lifestyle choices have also been effective in preventing obesity in children and youth.

Question 3

Dr.McAndrew has decided to use systematic desensitization to treat his client's tension headaches.Which of the following treatment components MUST be present in order for Dr.McAndrews's intervention to be considered systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

A)  an extensive explanation (verbal and/or written) of the relationship between lifestyle and conditions like headache 
B)  a record on which the client is asked to record headache data, including the factors that precede it, how he or she responds to it, and the consequences that follow from it 
C)  extensive training in/use of relaxation techniques 
D)  a thorough psychophysiological assessment using self-ratings, observer ratings, and/or recording equipment 
A)  an extensive explanation (verbal and/or written) of the relationship between lifestyle and conditions like headache 
B)  a record on which the client is asked to record headache data, including the factors that precede it, how he or she responds to it, and the consequences that follow from it 
C)  extensive training in/use of relaxation techniques 
D)  a thorough psychophysiological assessment using self-ratings, observer ratings, and/or recording equipment C

Question 4

The costs of medical care in the United States are approximately __________% of the Gross Domestic Product.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  24 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  24

Question 5

How effective are school-based programs (through health classes or media campaigns)for preventing problem drinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effectiveness of these programs varies tremendously. 
B)  The effectiveness of these programs is consistently superior to the standard school curriculum on alcohol-related issues. 
C)  The effectiveness of these programs is consistently superior to the standard school curriculum on alcohol-related issues, but only in the short term. 
D)  The effectiveness of these programs appears to be inferior to the standard school curriculum on alcohol-related issues. 
A)  The effectiveness of these programs varies tremendously. 
B)  The effectiveness of these programs is consistently superior to the standard school curriculum on alcohol-related issues. 
C)  The effectiveness of these programs is consistently superior to the standard school curriculum on alcohol-related issues, but only in the short term. 
D)  The effectiveness of these programs appears to be inferior to the standard school curriculum on alcohol-related issues.

Question 6

Briefly describe the "Type A" personality.What does more recent research suggest regarding the relationship between Type A behavior and coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

The "Type A" personality is characterize

Question 7

Research on smoking,alcohol abuse and dependence,and obesity all suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the best approach to these problems is early prevention. 
B)  aversion techniques appear to be most effective for dealing with these issues. 
C)  because these problems have strong genetic components, medical treatment ultimately will be more helpful than psychological treatment. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the best approach to these problems is early prevention. 
B)  aversion techniques appear to be most effective for dealing with these issues. 
C)  because these problems have strong genetic components, medical treatment ultimately will be more helpful than psychological treatment. 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

__________ is a hormone that increases energy level and decreases inflammation during times of stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Capsaicin 
D)  Endorphin 
A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Capsaicin 
D)  Endorphin

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the application of operant conditioning principles in health psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person with peptic ulcers undergoes relaxation training. 
B)  A person with a fear of the dentist undergoes systematic desensitization. 
C)  Family members of a chronic pain patient are instructed to ignore the patient's complaints and reinforce the patient's attempts to become more physically active. 
D)  A person with hypertension is taught to imagine, during highly stressful times, a calming scenario that he/she has created with his/her health psychology professional. 
A)  A person with peptic ulcers undergoes relaxation training. 
B)  A person with a fear of the dentist undergoes systematic desensitization. 
C)  Family members of a chronic pain patient are instructed to ignore the patient's complaints and reinforce the patient's attempts to become more physically active. 
D)  A person with hypertension is taught to imagine, during highly stressful times, a calming scenario that he/she has created with his/her health psychology professional.

Question 10

Most contemporary health psychologists view stress as

Accepted Answer

A)  a quality of an external stimulus. 
B)  an individual's response to a stimulus. 
C)  the result of an interaction between an external stimulus and the individual's response. 
D)  the result of an interaction between two or more stimuli. 
A)  a quality of an external stimulus. 
B)  an individual's response to a stimulus. 
C)  the result of an interaction between an external stimulus and the individual's response. 
D)  the result of an interaction between two or more stimuli.

Question 11

According to Friedman et al.(1995),why haven't health psychology interventions been integrated to a greater extent into our health care system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological origins of diseases have been emphasized over psychosocial explanations. 
B)  Physicians are unaware of the data supporting health psychology interventions. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  Biological origins of diseases have been emphasized over psychosocial explanations. 
B)  Physicians are unaware of the data supporting health psychology interventions. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 12

ALL BUT WHICH of the following has been a common criticism of biofeedback?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biofeedback may not be more effective than other, less expensive, techniques. 
B)  Studies on biofeedback have not always been able to separate the effects of biofeedback from the effects of other treatments included in the same treatment package. 
C)  Biofeedback may be harmful, depending on the nature of the health condition. 
D)  Rightly or wrongly, biofeedback has a reputation for being faddish or cultish. 
A)  Biofeedback may not be more effective than other, less expensive, techniques. 
B)  Studies on biofeedback have not always been able to separate the effects of biofeedback from the effects of other treatments included in the same treatment package. 
C)  Biofeedback may be harmful, depending on the nature of the health condition. 
D)  Rightly or wrongly, biofeedback has a reputation for being faddish or cultish.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between health and social support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Several studies suggest that social support acts as a "buffer" against adverse health outcomes. 
B)  The effect of social support on health disappears after controlling for demographic variables and medical risk factors. 
C)  The relationship between social support and health goes in one direction only; although social support affects health outcomes, health status has no effect on social support networks. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Several studies suggest that social support acts as a "buffer" against adverse health outcomes. 
B)  The effect of social support on health disappears after controlling for demographic variables and medical risk factors. 
C)  The relationship between social support and health goes in one direction only; although social support affects health outcomes, health status has no effect on social support networks. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Dr.Arden is a health psychologist who works with pediatric leukemia patients,several of whom are apprehensive about the same medical procedure.If Dr.Arden develops a film of a coping model to show to these patients,ALL BUT WHICH would maximize the film's effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient in the film anticipates the same procedure as Dr. Arden's patients. 
B)  The patient in the film appears confident as he/she anticipates the procedure. 
C)  The patient in the film copes successfully with the demands of the procedure. 
D)  All of the above would maximize the film's effectiveness. 
A)  The patient in the film anticipates the same procedure as Dr. Arden's patients. 
B)  The patient in the film appears confident as he/she anticipates the procedure. 
C)  The patient in the film copes successfully with the demands of the procedure. 
D)  All of the above would maximize the film's effectiveness.

Question 15

Dr.Stanley,who is treating a patient with hypertension,believes that nutritional deficiencies,behavior patterns,and family interactions all contribute to the disease.Dr.Stanley appears to endorse the __________ model of health and illness.

Accepted Answer

A)  biopsychosocial 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  biomedical 
D)  psychosomatic 
A)  biopsychosocial 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  biomedical 
D)  psychosomatic

Question 16

The most recent definitions of health psychology include psychology's contributions to the

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancement of health. 
B)  improvement of the health care system. 
C)  shaping of public opinion with regard to health. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  enhancement of health. 
B)  improvement of the health care system. 
C)  shaping of public opinion with regard to health. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Ian has been described by friends and family as driven to succeed,competitive,and occasionally hostile towards others.In health psychology terms,Ian would be said to have a __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  borderline 
B)  Type A 
C)  overachieving 
D)  psychasthenic 
A)  borderline 
B)  Type A 
C)  overachieving 
D)  psychasthenic

Question 18

ALL BUT WHICH of the following patient/illness factors appear to be associated with increased adherence to medical regimens?

Accepted Answer

A)  low income 
B)  higher levels of self-efficacy 
C)  greater severity of illness 
D)  living with others 
A)  low income 
B)  higher levels of self-efficacy 
C)  greater severity of illness 
D)  living with others

Question 19

Dr.Baker is a health psychologist,and he is developing a program for the local elementary schools to deter children from taking up smoking.Based on the available research,which of the following interventions is likely to be LEAST effective for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focusing on dire health consequences, such as cancer or emphysema, that may occur after years of smoking. 
B)  Teaching smoking refusal skills through peer modeling and role plays. 
C)  Offering video recorded presentations that focus on the peer/social influences on smoking. 
D)  Conducting discussion groups to monitor children's attitudes toward and knowledge about smoking. 
A)  Focusing on dire health consequences, such as cancer or emphysema, that may occur after years of smoking. 
B)  Teaching smoking refusal skills through peer modeling and role plays. 
C)  Offering video recorded presentations that focus on the peer/social influences on smoking. 
D)  Conducting discussion groups to monitor children's attitudes toward and knowledge about smoking.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding cigarette smoking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Despite widely known health risks, the number of habitual cigarette smokers is currently on the rise. 
B)  Rebelliousness contributes to the initiation of smoking, but not to maintenance of the habit. 
C)  Relapse rates for smoking cessation treatment are approximately 30%. 
D)  Most people who manage to quit smoking do so on their own. 
A)  Despite widely known health risks, the number of habitual cigarette smokers is currently on the rise. 
B)  Rebelliousness contributes to the initiation of smoking, but not to maintenance of the habit. 
C)  Relapse rates for smoking cessation treatment are approximately 30%. 
D)  Most people who manage to quit smoking do so on their own.

Briefly describe the steps involved in systematic desensitization,using a health psychology example.

Identify at least three distinct health risks posed by obesity.Also,identify at least three components of obesity prevention programs for children and youth that have shown promise in recent meta-analyses.

Dr.McAndrew has decided to use systematic desensitization to treat his client's tension headaches.Which of the following treatment components MUST be present in order for Dr.McAndrews's intervention to be considered systematic desensitization?

The costs of medical care in the United States are approximately __________% of the Gross Domestic Product.

How effective are school-based programs (through health classes or media campaigns)for preventing problem drinking?

Briefly describe the "Type A" personality.What does more recent research suggest regarding the relationship between Type A behavior and coronary heart disease?

Research on smoking,alcohol abuse and dependence,and obesity all suggests that

__________ is a hormone that increases energy level and decreases inflammation during times of stress.

Which of the following best illustrates the application of operant conditioning principles in health psychology?

Most contemporary health psychologists view stress as

According to Friedman et al.(1995),why haven't health psychology interventions been integrated to a greater extent into our health care system?

ALL BUT WHICH of the following has been a common criticism of biofeedback?

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between health and social support?

Dr.Arden is a health psychologist who works with pediatric leukemia patients,several of whom are apprehensive about the same medical procedure.If Dr.Arden develops a film of a coping model to show to these patients,ALL BUT WHICH would maximize the film's effectiveness?

Dr.Stanley,who is treating a patient with hypertension,believes that nutritional deficiencies,behavior patterns,and family interactions all contribute to the disease.Dr.Stanley appears to endorse the __________ model of health and illness.

The most recent definitions of health psychology include psychology's contributions to the

Ian has been described by friends and family as driven to succeed,competitive,and occasionally hostile towards others.In health psychology terms,Ian would be said to have a __________ personality.

ALL BUT WHICH of the following patient/illness factors appear to be associated with increased adherence to medical regimens?

Dr.Baker is a health psychologist,and he is developing a program for the local elementary schools to deter children from taking up smoking.Based on the available research,which of the following interventions is likely to be LEAST effective for this purpose?

Which of the following is true regarding cigarette smoking?

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Clinical Judgment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters

Exam 17: Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Briefly describe the steps involved in systematic desensitization,using a health psychology example.

Identify at least three distinct health risks posed by obesity.Also,identify at least three components of obesity prevention programs for children and youth that have shown promise in recent meta-analyses.

Dr.McAndrew has decided to use systematic desensitization to treat his client's tension headaches.Which of the following treatment components MUST be present in order for Dr.McAndrews's intervention to be considered systematic desensitization?

The costs of medical care in the United States are approximately __________% of the Gross Domestic Product.

How effective are school-based programs (through health classes or media campaigns)for preventing problem drinking?

Briefly describe the "Type A" personality.What does more recent research suggest regarding the relationship between Type A behavior and coronary heart disease?

Research on smoking,alcohol abuse and dependence,and obesity all suggests that

__________ is a hormone that increases energy level and decreases inflammation during times of stress.

Which of the following best illustrates the application of operant conditioning principles in health psychology?

Most contemporary health psychologists view stress as

According to Friedman et al.(1995),why haven't health psychology interventions been integrated to a greater extent into our health care system?

ALL BUT WHICH of the following has been a common criticism of biofeedback?

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between health and social support?

Dr.Arden is a health psychologist who works with pediatric leukemia patients,several of whom are apprehensive about the same medical procedure.If Dr.Arden develops a film of a coping model to show to these patients,ALL BUT WHICH would maximize the film's effectiveness?

Dr.Stanley,who is treating a patient with hypertension,believes that nutritional deficiencies,behavior patterns,and family interactions all contribute to the disease.Dr.Stanley appears to endorse the __________ model of health and illness.

The most recent definitions of health psychology include psychology's contributions to the

Ian has been described by friends and family as driven to succeed,competitive,and occasionally hostile towards others.In health psychology terms,Ian would be said to have a __________ personality.

ALL BUT WHICH of the following patient/illness factors appear to be associated with increased adherence to medical regimens?

Dr.Baker is a health psychologist,and he is developing a program for the local elementary schools to deter children from taking up smoking.Based on the available research,which of the following interventions is likely to be LEAST effective for this purpose?

Which of the following is true regarding cigarette smoking?

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Clinical Judgment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters