Question 1

One kind of vaccine consists of a solution containing ________.

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies 
B) horse serum 
C) B cells 
D) a harmless variant of a disease-causing microbe 
A) antibodies 
B) horse serum 
C) B cells 
D) a harmless variant of a disease-causing microbe D

Question 2

Histamine ________.

Accepted Answer

A) causes local blood vessels to dilate 
B) attracts natural killer cells 
C) stimulates the release of defensive proteins 
D) repels phagocytic cells 
A) causes local blood vessels to dilate 
B) attracts natural killer cells 
C) stimulates the release of defensive proteins 
D) repels phagocytic cells A

Question 3

Examine the photograph of the hand in the following figure.The person's joints are severely damaged because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the immune system has damaged the cartilage and bone of the joints 
B) a viral infection has attacked the cartilage of the fingers 
C) cytotoxic T cells have destroyed the bone in the fingers 
D) T cells have reacted against the myelin in the hand 
A) the immune system has damaged the cartilage and bone of the joints 
B) a viral infection has attacked the cartilage of the fingers 
C) cytotoxic T cells have destroyed the bone in the fingers 
D) T cells have reacted against the myelin in the hand A

Question 4

Which statement about antigen recognition in B and T cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) B cell antigen receptors can bind to intact freely circulating antigens that are bound to self proteins. 
B) T cell antigen receptors can bind to intact antigens that are bound to self proteins. 
C) B cell antigen receptors can bind to intact antigens that are on pathogen surfaces. 
D) T cell antigen receptors can bind to intact freely circulating antigens. 
A) B cell antigen receptors can bind to intact freely circulating antigens that are bound to self proteins. 
B) T cell antigen receptors can bind to intact antigens that are bound to self proteins. 
C) B cell antigen receptors can bind to intact antigens that are on pathogen surfaces. 
D) T cell antigen receptors can bind to intact freely circulating antigens.

Question 5

It is best to receive an organ transplant from a donor who ________.

Accepted Answer

A) looks like you 
B) rarely consumes alcohol 
C) does not have any allergies 
D) best matches your self proteins 
A) looks like you 
B) rarely consumes alcohol 
C) does not have any allergies 
D) best matches your self proteins

Question 6

What other observation would suggest that alcohol consumption contributes to increased bacterial and viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased histamine concentration in the mice that drank alcohol 
B) increased histamine concentration in the mice that drank alcohol 
C) increased numbers of B cells in the mice that drank alcohol 
D) decreased numbers of B cells in the mice that drank alcohol 
A) decreased histamine concentration in the mice that drank alcohol 
B) increased histamine concentration in the mice that drank alcohol 
C) increased numbers of B cells in the mice that drank alcohol 
D) decreased numbers of B cells in the mice that drank alcohol

Question 7

A role of the lymphatic system is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) transport histamine 
B) produce hormones related to fighting infections 
C) produce white blood cells 
D) return tissue fluid to the circulatory system 
A) transport histamine 
B) produce hormones related to fighting infections 
C) produce white blood cells 
D) return tissue fluid to the circulatory system

Question 8

When the immune system improperly turns against the body's own molecules,the result is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an allergy 
B) AIDS 
C) an autoimmune disease 
D) an immunodeficiency disease 
A) an allergy 
B) AIDS 
C) an autoimmune disease 
D) an immunodeficiency disease

Question 9

Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for the B cell response?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells 
B) B cells 
C) phagocytic cells 
D) natural killer cells 
A) T cells 
B) B cells 
C) phagocytic cells 
D) natural killer cells

Question 10

Jonas Salk's polio vaccine trials of 1954 involved giving placebos to 201,229 children and the polio vaccine to 200,745 children.Out of the placebo group,142 children developed polio,whereas 57 children from the vaccine group developed polio.Approximately how many more times likely was a child to develop polio if he or she were NOT vaccinated?

Accepted Answer

A) thirty 
B) ten 
C) five 
D) three 
A) thirty 
B) ten 
C) five 
D) three

Question 11

The figure below shows a Y-shaped antibody molecule.How many antigens can a single antibody molecule bind?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 12

The major result of the inflammatory response is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) initiate the production of antibodies 
B) disinfect and clean damaged tissues 
C) initiate the release of defensive proteins 
D) initiate the production of natural killer cells 
A) initiate the production of antibodies 
B) disinfect and clean damaged tissues 
C) initiate the release of defensive proteins 
D) initiate the production of natural killer cells

Question 13

A secondary immune response differs from a primary immune response in that the secondary response ________.

Accepted Answer

A) produces helper T cells 
B) produces cytotoxic T cells 
C) produces effector cells 
D) produces memory cells 
A) produces helper T cells 
B) produces cytotoxic T cells 
C) produces effector cells 
D) produces memory cells

Question 14

One function of antibodies is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) deactivate defensive proteins 
B) stimulate the production of antigens 
C) phagocytose invading bacteria 
D) clump invader cells 
A) deactivate defensive proteins 
B) stimulate the production of antigens 
C) phagocytose invading bacteria 
D) clump invader cells

Question 15

A major function of natural killer cells is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms 
B) attack virus-infected cells 
C) tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies 
D) phagocytize microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies 
A) attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms 
B) attack virus-infected cells 
C) tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies 
D) phagocytize microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies

Question 16

A person's spleen may be removed (splenectomy)if it becomes enlarged due to certain types of cancer,traumatic injury,or damage.What part of the immune system will be most affected by a splenectomy?

Accepted Answer

A) internal innate immunity 
B) external innate immunity 
C) adaptive immunity 
D) lymphatic system 
A) internal innate immunity 
B) external innate immunity 
C) adaptive immunity 
D) lymphatic system

Question 17

When a B or T cell is primed by an interaction with its particular antigen,the cell ________.

Accepted Answer

A) dies,killing the antigen 
B) engulfs the antigen and destroys it 
C) grows,divides,and develops further 
D) sticks to other cells with attached antigens to form a large clot 
A) dies,killing the antigen 
B) engulfs the antigen and destroys it 
C) grows,divides,and develops further 
D) sticks to other cells with attached antigens to form a large clot

Question 18

Herd immunity fails when what percentage of the population is NOT vaccinated?

Accepted Answer

A) 1% 
B) 5% 
C) 10% 
D) 50% 
A) 1% 
B) 5% 
C) 10% 
D) 50%

Question 19

Antibodies are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) composed of four fatty acid chains 
B) a type of lymphocyte 
C) proteins with short carbohydrates attached 
D) proteins consisting of four polypeptide chains 
A) composed of four fatty acid chains 
B) a type of lymphocyte 
C) proteins with short carbohydrates attached 
D) proteins consisting of four polypeptide chains

Question 20

When you cut yourself,the damaged cells immediately release which of the following chemical alarm signals?

Accepted Answer

A) defensive proteins 
B) antibodies 
C) histamine 
D) antihistamines 
A) defensive proteins 
B) antibodies 
C) histamine 
D) antihistamines

Exam 24: The Bodys Defenses

One kind of vaccine consists of a solution containing ________.

Histamine ________.

Examine the photograph of the hand in the following figure.The person's joints are severely damaged because ________.

Which statement about antigen recognition in B and T cells is TRUE?

It is best to receive an organ transplant from a donor who ________.

What other observation would suggest that alcohol consumption contributes to increased bacterial and viral infections?

A role of the lymphatic system is to ________.

When the immune system improperly turns against the body's own molecules,the result is ________.

Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for the B cell response?

The figure below shows a Y-shaped antibody molecule.How many antigens can a single antibody molecule bind?

The major result of the inflammatory response is to ________.

A secondary immune response differs from a primary immune response in that the secondary response ________.

One function of antibodies is to ________.

A major function of natural killer cells is to ________.

A person's spleen may be removed (splenectomy)if it becomes enlarged due to certain types of cancer,traumatic injury,or damage.What part of the immune system will be most affected by a splenectomy?

When a B or T cell is primed by an interaction with its particular antigen,the cell ________.

Herd immunity fails when what percentage of the population is NOT vaccinated?

Antibodies are ________.

When you cut yourself,the damaged cells immediately release which of the following chemical alarm signals?

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous,Sensory,and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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