Question 1

Which of the following taxonomic levels is most inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A) order 
B) genus 
C) family 
D) class 
A) order 
B) genus 
C) family 
D) class D

Question 2

When two frog species,Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica,mate,the offspring die early in embryonic development.This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hybrid sterility 
B) mechanical isolation 
C) reduced hybrid viability 
D) reduced hybrid fertility 
A) hybrid sterility 
B) mechanical isolation 
C) reduced hybrid viability 
D) reduced hybrid fertility C

Question 3

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure.Based upon this diagram,the two most closely related species are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) leopards and striped skunks 
B) leopards and European otters 
C) European otters and coyotes 
D) coyotes and wolves 
A) leopards and striped skunks 
B) leopards and European otters 
C) European otters and coyotes 
D) coyotes and wolves D

Question 4

The current geological era is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Paleozoic 
B) Cenozoic 
C) Mesozoic 
D) Cambrian 
A) Paleozoic 
B) Cenozoic 
C) Mesozoic 
D) Cambrian

Question 5

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces.This switch in function is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) paedomorphosis 
B) an analogy 
C) an adaptation 
D) exaptation 
A) paedomorphosis 
B) an analogy 
C) an adaptation 
D) exaptation

Question 6

Biological species consist of groups of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) populations 
B) domains 
C) families 
D) genera 
A) populations 
B) domains 
C) families 
D) genera

Question 7

Speciation requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A) periods of rapid evolutionary change 
B) geographic isolation 
C) long periods of time 
D) genetic isolation 
A) periods of rapid evolutionary change 
B) geographic isolation 
C) long periods of time 
D) genetic isolation

Question 8

What can you conclude about the breeding characteristics of these four frog species?

Accepted Answer

A) The maximum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
B) The minimum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
C) The average mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
D) The individual mating activity of each of the four frog species at the beginning of their mating periods reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
A) The maximum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
B) The minimum mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
C) The average mating activity of the four frog species at different times reduces and/or removes interbreeding. 
D) The individual mating activity of each of the four frog species at the beginning of their mating periods reduces and/or removes interbreeding.

Question 9

Examine the figure below.According to the figure,cladistic analysis indicates that crocodiles are more closely related to ________ than to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) birds...pterosaurs 
B) snakes...birds 
C) Ornithischian dinosaurs… pterosaurs 
D) birds...lizards 
A) birds...pterosaurs 
B) snakes...birds 
C) Ornithischian dinosaurs… pterosaurs 
D) birds...lizards

Question 10

Uranium-235,with a half-life of 713,000,000 years,decays to lead-207.If a rock sample is determined to have one-quarter of the uranium-235 content it had when it formed,the age of the rock sample can be estimated to be approximately ________ years old.

Accepted Answer

A) 178 million 
B) 713 million 
C) 28.5 billion 
D) 1)4 billion 
A) 178 million 
B) 713 million 
C) 28.5 billion 
D) 1)4 billion

Question 11

Homology is evidence of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) convergent evolution 
B) polyploidy 
C) common ancestry 
D) paedomorphosis 
A) convergent evolution 
B) polyploidy 
C) common ancestry 
D) paedomorphosis

Question 12

Why is it INCORRECT to assume that mass extinctions carry only negative impact on the evolution of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) Mass extinctions are sometimes followed by periods of evolutionary change when other organism groups can flourish and expand in diversity and size. 
B) Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study embryonic development in two species of organisms and therefore identify possible homology. 
C) Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study paedomorphosis. 
D) Mass extinctions disprove Darwin's theory of evolution. 
A) Mass extinctions are sometimes followed by periods of evolutionary change when other organism groups can flourish and expand in diversity and size. 
B) Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study embryonic development in two species of organisms and therefore identify possible homology. 
C) Mass extinctions enable scientists to better study paedomorphosis. 
D) Mass extinctions disprove Darwin's theory of evolution.

Question 13

The type of reproductive barrier that occurs when two species mate but produce sterile hybrids is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical isolation 
B) temporal isolation 
C) a postzygotic barrier 
D) a prezygotic barrier 
A) mechanical isolation 
B) temporal isolation 
C) a postzygotic barrier 
D) a prezygotic barrier

Question 14

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis?

Accepted Answer

A) starfish regenerating severed limbs 
B) rapid evolution in a small,isolated population 
C) two species evolving a similar appearance 
D) insects that can reproduce in larval stages without reaching mature development stages 
A) starfish regenerating severed limbs 
B) rapid evolution in a small,isolated population 
C) two species evolving a similar appearance 
D) insects that can reproduce in larval stages without reaching mature development stages

Question 15

The Permian mass extinction is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an asteroid impact 
B) global warming 
C) the formation of Pangaea 
D) the diversification of mammals 
A) an asteroid impact 
B) global warming 
C) the formation of Pangaea 
D) the diversification of mammals

Question 16

When brought together in a zoo,two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.Why may they still be considered two distinct species?

Accepted Answer

A) Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions. 
B) In the wild,members of one species prey upon members of the other species. 
C) Zoos are not natural environments. 
D) The two species look very different. 
A) Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions. 
B) In the wild,members of one species prey upon members of the other species. 
C) Zoos are not natural environments. 
D) The two species look very different.

Question 17

Of the following taxonomic levels,species found within the same ________ are the most closely related.

Accepted Answer

A) family 
B) phylum 
C) order 
D) domain 
A) family 
B) phylum 
C) order 
D) domain

Question 18

The natural differences in the ranges of wild tigers and lions is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a prezygotic barrier 
B) a postzygotic barrier 
C) the impact of mutations 
D) sympatric speciation 
A) a prezygotic barrier 
B) a postzygotic barrier 
C) the impact of mutations 
D) sympatric speciation

Question 19

If the researchers of this study wanted to collect reliable data about natural behavior,which methodology should they choose?

Accepted Answer

A) The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species and studied them in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
B) The researchers studied multiple male and female frogs from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
C) The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species,mixed males and females from each species,and studied the mixed pairs in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
D) The researchers studied one male and female frog from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
A) The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species and studied them in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
B) The researchers studied multiple male and female frogs from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
C) The researchers collected multiple male and female frogs from each species,mixed males and females from each species,and studied the mixed pairs in a lab environment to determine their normal breeding seasons. 
D) The researchers studied one male and female frog from each species in their natural environments to determine their normal breeding seasons.

Question 20

Analogous structures are evidence of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) common ancestry 
B) divergent evolution 
C) stabilizing selection 
D) convergent evolution 
A) common ancestry 
B) divergent evolution 
C) stabilizing selection 
D) convergent evolution

Exam 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves

Which of the following taxonomic levels is most inclusive?

When two frog species,Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica,mate,the offspring die early in embryonic development.This is an example of ________.

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure.Based upon this diagram,the two most closely related species are ________.

The current geological era is the ________.

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces.This switch in function is an example of a(n)________.

Biological species consist of groups of ________.

Speciation requires ________.

What can you conclude about the breeding characteristics of these four frog species?

Examine the figure below.According to the figure,cladistic analysis indicates that crocodiles are more closely related to ________ than to ________.

Uranium-235,with a half-life of 713,000,000 years,decays to lead-207.If a rock sample is determined to have one-quarter of the uranium-235 content it had when it formed,the age of the rock sample can be estimated to be approximately ________ years old.

Homology is evidence of ________.

Why is it INCORRECT to assume that mass extinctions carry only negative impact on the evolution of life on Earth?

The type of reproductive barrier that occurs when two species mate but produce sterile hybrids is referred to as ________.

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis?

The Permian mass extinction is associated with ________.

When brought together in a zoo,two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.Why may they still be considered two distinct species?

Of the following taxonomic levels,species found within the same ________ are the most closely related.

The natural differences in the ranges of wild tigers and lions is an example of ________.

If the researchers of this study wanted to collect reliable data about natural behavior,which methodology should they choose?

Analogous structures are evidence of ________.

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous,Sensory,and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

Examine the figure below.According to the figure,cladistic analysis indicates that crocodiles are more closely related to than to .