Exam 20: Communities and Ecosystems

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a unicellular eukaryotic organism belonging to the genus Plasmodium.These eukaryotic organisms are transmitted from one person to another by the female Anopheles mosquito when it feeds on human blood.Within humans,the Plasmodium species destroy red blood cells and,without effective treatment,serious infections can lead to death.Currently,more than 400 million people are afflicted with malaria and between 1 and 3 million people die from it each year.Historically,a chemical compound called quinine has been used in developing effective drugs against malaria.In its natural environment,quinine is produced by certain trees native to South America.This chemical is synthesized in the outer layer of tree trunks and acts as an herbivore deterrent. -Humans,mosquitoes,and Plasmodium together would be considered a(n)________.

Biomass is the total amount of ________ an ecosystem.

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In East Java,Indonesia,a mud volcano has been erupting since 2006.One controversial hypothesis is that the mud volcano in East Java is erupting because a gas mining company was drilling a deep hole nearby.When a mud volcano erupts,hot water deep below the earth's surface mixes with various minerals,and this mud spews out over the surface of the earth.The hot mud flow destroys organismal habitats,including the homes and livelihoods of people. -When the mud volcano stops erupting,colonization of the disturbed area would be ________.

Two lakes have the same number of species.Most of the fish in Lake 1 are of a single species,with a few individuals each for the remaining species.Lake 2,on the other hand,has about equal numbers of each species.Which lake has higher species diversity?

Landscape ecology ________.

Herbivory is an example of a ________ interaction.

Small fishes that eat zooplankton are ________.

Movement corridors are ________.

A movement corridor ________.

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -Refer to the accompanying figure.All of the living components of the coral reef represent a(n)________.

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -Refer to the following figure.If there were an additional trophic level that consisted of organisms that prey on snakes,about how much energy would be available to organisms at that trophic level?

As a result of a severe disturbance,a community will ________.

Approximately what percentage of the visible light that reaches Earth's producers is converted to chemical energy?

In Yellowstone National Park,wolves were hunted to extinction in the 1920s.A current restoration project has reintroduced wolves to Yellowstone National Park.Predict the response of the Yellowstone ecological community if wolves are a keystone species.

________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N₂.

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In East Java,Indonesia,a mud volcano has been erupting since 2006.One controversial hypothesis is that the mud volcano in East Java is erupting because a gas mining company was drilling a deep hole nearby.When a mud volcano erupts,hot water deep below the earth's surface mixes with various minerals,and this mud spews out over the surface of the earth.The hot mud flow destroys organismal habitats,including the homes and livelihoods of people. -When the mud volcano stops erupting,the disturbed area will be colonized by a variety of species.This process of colonization is called ________.

In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion,the antelope is ________.

Sustainable development ________. I)will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle II)must be achieved if the human species is to survive III)will require global,multinational cooperation

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -In the ecosystem shown above,a toxin that accumulates in body tissues would have the largest effect on ________.

Populations of two coexisting species are both tertiary consumers in a community.What relationship may exist between these two organisms?