Exam 5: The Working Cell

Osmosis can be defined as ________.

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm.In this example,the sperm are changing ________.

Which of the following molecules spontaneously form membranes when mixed in water and most likely were one of the first organic compounds formed on Earth?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work.In an average day,most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health.However,the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors,including the person's age,physical activity,size,and health.Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality.A large hard-boiled egg,for example,has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. -If a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully,cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into ________.

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Biomedical scientists have recently developed an anticancer drug delivery system that sneaks the anticancer drug into cancer cells before releasing it.They were able to do this by using two sets of liposomes.An anticancer drug (Doxorubicin (Dox))bound to DNA molecules was added into one set of liposomes (type A),and a high concentration of ATP molecules were added to the other set of liposomes (type B).The drug is inactive when bound to DNA molecules.Researchers inject both types of liposomes (A and B)into cancer cells,and upon doing so their contents are released.The ATP molecules (from liposome type A)bind to the DNA molecules (from liposome type B)and activate the drug,thus inducing cell death and decreasing tumor size. Mice with breast cancer tumors were treated with this liposome system to test the effectiveness of the drug.The scientists performed three trials one with both types of liposomes (Dox + ATP),one with just the drug (Dox only),and one with a salt solution (control).Examine the figure below and answer the following questions. -Why did tumor size decrease in the Dox only experiment to a lesser extent than the Dox + ATP experiment?

Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor?

Diffusion is an example of ________.

Examine the cells below.Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________.

You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling,coasting along the road.Eventually,your bike slows down and stops.What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________.

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ________.