Question 1

In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from

Accepted Answer

A) the Pope. 
B) the kingdom of Piedmont. 
C) the house of Habsburg. 
D) the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 
E) Young Italy. 
A) the Pope. 
B) the kingdom of Piedmont. 
C) the house of Habsburg. 
D) the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 
E) Young Italy.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

A) His ideas were readily accepted by religious fundamentalists and cultural conservatives. 
B) His works were truly revolutionary in that they were the first to propose a theory of evolution. 
C) His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival. 
D) His On the Origin of Species described man's evolution from animal origins through natural selection. 
E) He envisioned utopian evolution, unlike Marx who predicted materialistic revolution. 
A) His ideas were readily accepted by religious fundamentalists and cultural conservatives. 
B) His works were truly revolutionary in that they were the first to propose a theory of evolution. 
C) His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival. 
D) His On the Origin of Species described man's evolution from animal origins through natural selection. 
E) He envisioned utopian evolution, unlike Marx who predicted materialistic revolution.

Question 3

The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when

Accepted Answer

A) Garibaldi's Red Shirts defeated the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 
B) Savoy was defeated with the aid of Prussian troops. 
C) Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops. 
D) Piedmont took control of Lombardy as a result of French abandonment of Venice. 
E) the pope renounced any territorial claims in all of Italy. 
A) Garibaldi's Red Shirts defeated the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 
B) Savoy was defeated with the aid of Prussian troops. 
C) Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops. 
D) Piedmont took control of Lombardy as a result of French abandonment of Venice. 
E) the pope renounced any territorial claims in all of Italy.

Question 4

Among the policies of Camillo di Cavour was all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) encouraging the development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont. 
B) fostering business enterprise by expanding credit. 
C) stimulating investment in new industries. 
D) securing an alliance with Napoleon III. 
E) dramatically reducing government expenditures on the military. 
A) encouraging the development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont. 
B) fostering business enterprise by expanding credit. 
C) stimulating investment in new industries. 
D) securing an alliance with Napoleon III. 
E) dramatically reducing government expenditures on the military.

Question 5

Bismarck goaded the Austrians into war in 1866 with the occupation of

Accepted Answer

A) Lorraine. 
B) Bavaria. 
C) Saxony. 
D) Schleswig-Holstein. 
E) Hesse-Darmstadt. 
A) Lorraine. 
B) Bavaria. 
C) Saxony. 
D) Schleswig-Holstein. 
E) Hesse-Darmstadt.

Question 6

The nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total art work") was

Accepted Answer

A) Brahms. 
B) Beethoven. 
C) Liszt. 
D) Mozart. 
E) Wagner. 
A) Brahms. 
B) Beethoven. 
C) Liszt. 
D) Mozart. 
E) Wagner.

Question 7

Napoleon III's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in

Accepted Answer

A) the Crimea. 
B) Italy. 
C) Palestine. 
D) Schleswig-Holstein. 
E) Mexico. 
A) the Crimea. 
B) Italy. 
C) Palestine. 
D) Schleswig-Holstein. 
E) Mexico.

Question 8

The scientist who provided the systematic foundation for the period law by classifying material elements by their atomic weights was

Accepted Answer

A) Charles Darwin. 
B) Joseph Lister. 
C) Louis Pasteur. 
D) Dmitri Mendeleyev. 
E) Michael Faraday. 
A) Charles Darwin. 
B) Joseph Lister. 
C) Louis Pasteur. 
D) Dmitri Mendeleyev. 
E) Michael Faraday.

Question 9

Charles Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus's theory of population that claimed that more individuals are born than can possibly survive and that thus there must be a struggle for existence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

Accepted Answer

A) France. 
B) Spain. 
C) Papal States. 
D) Savoy. 
E) Austria. 
A) France. 
B) Spain. 
C) Papal States. 
D) Savoy. 
E) Austria.

Question 11

When Tsar Alexander II emancipated Russia's serfs, he also forced landowners to pay them reparations for generations of exploited labor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideas was simply a result of physical forces is known as

Accepted Answer

A) Realism. 
B) nominalism. 
C) materialism. 
D) consumerism. 
E) thermodynamics. 
A) Realism. 
B) nominalism. 
C) materialism. 
D) consumerism. 
E) thermodynamics.

Question 13

Vera Zasulich's successful use of violence against the tsarist regime in Russia led

Accepted Answer

A) Karl Marx to write positively about the role of women in revolution. 
B) to her public denunciation by the reform group Land and Freedom. 
C) to her execution as a traitor. 
D) to the assassination of Tsar Alexander II by radicals known as the People's Will. 
E) to her exile to Great Britain. 
A) Karl Marx to write positively about the role of women in revolution. 
B) to her public denunciation by the reform group Land and Freedom. 
C) to her execution as a traitor. 
D) to the assassination of Tsar Alexander II by radicals known as the People's Will. 
E) to her exile to Great Britain.

Question 14

What were the aims and accomplishments of Bismarck and Cavour? Which statesman faced the greatest challenges, and who was most successful in overcoming challenges? Be specific.

Accepted Answer

The aims and accomplishments of Bismarck

Question 15

As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck

Accepted Answer

A) instituted vital liberal land reforms. 
B) largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization. 
C) was totally dependent on the Prussian military. 
D) was extremely unpopular among ordinary Germans. 
E) opposed any wars, always relying upon diplomacy as alternatives. 
A) instituted vital liberal land reforms. 
B) largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization. 
C) was totally dependent on the Prussian military. 
D) was extremely unpopular among ordinary Germans. 
E) opposed any wars, always relying upon diplomacy as alternatives.

Question 16

Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning

Accepted Answer

A) all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements. 
B) no real changes in society can occur before industrialization. 
C) dictatorship is the central political force in all history. 
D) political diatribes are the highest form of intellectual thought. 
E) there is a world soul, which alternates between democracy and dictatorship. 
A) all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements. 
B) no real changes in society can occur before industrialization. 
C) dictatorship is the central political force in all history. 
D) political diatribes are the highest form of intellectual thought. 
E) there is a world soul, which alternates between democracy and dictatorship.

Question 17

As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

Accepted Answer

A) pay an indemnity to Prussia of five billion francs. 
B) abandon Nice and Marseilles. 
C) agree to allow Prussia to control Luxembourg. 
D) try Napoleon III for war crimes before a Prussian tribunal. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) pay an indemnity to Prussia of five billion francs. 
B) abandon Nice and Marseilles. 
C) agree to allow Prussia to control Luxembourg. 
D) try Napoleon III for war crimes before a Prussian tribunal. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 18

Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification,

Accepted Answer

A) instituted the Zollverein, the German customs union that drove industrial development. 
B) followed a rigid plan for national unification at all costs. 
C) was a liberal from lower class origins who used politics to achieve his reform goals. 
D) practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy. 
E) relied upon the diplomatic and military support of the Habsburgs in the Austro-Prussian War. 
A) instituted the Zollverein, the German customs union that drove industrial development. 
B) followed a rigid plan for national unification at all costs. 
C) was a liberal from lower class origins who used politics to achieve his reform goals. 
D) practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy. 
E) relied upon the diplomatic and military support of the Habsburgs in the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 19

Real wages for British laborers between 1850 and 1870 increased by

Accepted Answer

A) more than 25 percent. 
B) approximately 50 percent. 
C) nearly 100 percent. 
D) 200 percent. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) more than 25 percent. 
B) approximately 50 percent. 
C) nearly 100 percent. 
D) 200 percent. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 20

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western worldview and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

The expansion of scientific knowledge du

Exam 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from

Which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?

The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when

Among the policies of Camillo di Cavour was all of the following EXCEPT

Bismarck goaded the Austrians into war in 1866 with the occupation of

The nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total art work") was

Napoleon III's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in

The scientist who provided the systematic foundation for the period law by classifying material elements by their atomic weights was

Charles Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus's theory of population that claimed that more individuals are born than can possibly survive and that thus there must be a struggle for existence.

The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

When Tsar Alexander II emancipated Russia's serfs, he also forced landowners to pay them reparations for generations of exploited labor.

The belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideas was simply a result of physical forces is known as

Vera Zasulich's successful use of violence against the tsarist regime in Russia led

What were the aims and accomplishments of Bismarck and Cavour? Which statesman faced the greatest challenges, and who was most successful in overcoming challenges? Be specific.

As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck

Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning

As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification,

Real wages for British laborers between 1850 and 1870 increased by

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western worldview and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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