Question 1

Upon examination of a zygote, a developmental biologist discovers that it possesses 69 chromosomes. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) The zygote resulted from polyspermy (multiple fertilizations of the same oocyte)by two sperm cells 
B) The zygote is a normal, healthy diploid zygote 
C) Either the sperm or the egg received an extra chromosome as the result of a meiotic error 
D) Either the sperm or the egg received an extra sex chromosome as the result of a meiotic error 
A) The zygote resulted from polyspermy (multiple fertilizations of the same oocyte)by two sperm cells 
B) The zygote is a normal, healthy diploid zygote 
C) Either the sperm or the egg received an extra chromosome as the result of a meiotic error 
D) Either the sperm or the egg received an extra sex chromosome as the result of a meiotic error

Question 2

A blastomere is a ________ and a blastocyst is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hollow ball of cells; a cell resulting from cleavage 
B) fetal organ produced by cleavage; an embryonic organ produced by cleavage 
C) fetal membrane; an embryonic membrane 
D) cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells 
A) hollow ball of cells; a cell resulting from cleavage 
B) fetal organ produced by cleavage; an embryonic organ produced by cleavage 
C) fetal membrane; an embryonic membrane 
D) cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells

Question 3

Jeremy cannot ejaculate because of an injury he sustained in a car accident. An assisted reproductive technology that might help him to become a biological father is

Accepted Answer

A) intrauterine insemination using donor sperm. 
B) gamete interfallopian transfer. 
C) intracytoplasmic sperm injection using his sperm into his partner's secondary oocyte. 
D) a surrogate mother. 
A) intrauterine insemination using donor sperm. 
B) gamete interfallopian transfer. 
C) intracytoplasmic sperm injection using his sperm into his partner's secondary oocyte. 
D) a surrogate mother.

Question 4

The umbilical cord contains two umbilical veins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The pharmaceutical drug RU-486, typically used to treat Cushing's disease, is also sometimes used for medical abortions. RU-486 blocks progesterone production and its binding to receptors in the reproductive tract. Why would this affect pregnancy and embryonic growth?

Accepted Answer

A) Progesterone stops the corpus luteum from degrading. Without the corpus luteum, hCG (responsible for uterine growth and development)cannot be produced. 
B) Progesterone stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Without aldosterone, fluid is lost through the kidneys and causes high blood pressure in the uterus, which is fatal to the fetus. 
C) Progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents it from breaking down and shedding in a normal menstrual period. It also assists in stopping uterine contractions until birth. 
D) Progesterone stimulates the ovaries to produce LH, which then causes hCG production. Production of hCG is needed to inhibit pituitary FSH secretion, which induces menstrual periods. 
A) Progesterone stops the corpus luteum from degrading. Without the corpus luteum, hCG (responsible for uterine growth and development)cannot be produced. 
B) Progesterone stimulates release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Without aldosterone, fluid is lost through the kidneys and causes high blood pressure in the uterus, which is fatal to the fetus. 
C) Progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents it from breaking down and shedding in a normal menstrual period. It also assists in stopping uterine contractions until birth. 
D) Progesterone stimulates the ovaries to produce LH, which then causes hCG production. Production of hCG is needed to inhibit pituitary FSH secretion, which induces menstrual periods.

Question 6

A major body part derived from endoderm is

Accepted Answer

A) the epithelial lining of the digestive tract. 
B) the muscles. 
C) the epidermis of the skin. 
D) nervous tissue. 
A) the epithelial lining of the digestive tract. 
B) the muscles. 
C) the epidermis of the skin. 
D) nervous tissue.

Question 7

The fertilized ovum is also called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fertilized ovum is also called a(n)________....

Question 8

Teratogens are substances that

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate embryonic growth. 
B) cause congenital malformations. 
C) protect against infections. 
D) cause genetic disease. 
A) stimulate embryonic growth. 
B) cause congenital malformations. 
C) protect against infections. 
D) cause genetic disease.

Question 9

Prior to the joining (fusion)of the nuclei of the sperm and egg to form a zygote, each nucleus is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A) prenucelus. 
B) mononucleus. 
C) pronucleus. 
D) gametocyte. 
A) prenucelus. 
B) mononucleus. 
C) pronucleus. 
D) gametocyte.

Question 10

The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively

Accepted Answer

A) low in oxygen and nutrients. 
B) high in oxygen and nutrients. 
C) low in oxygen but high in nutrients. 
D) high in oxygen but low in nutrients. 
A) low in oxygen and nutrients. 
B) high in oxygen and nutrients. 
C) low in oxygen but high in nutrients. 
D) high in oxygen but low in nutrients.

Question 11

A pregnant woman wants to know the approximate day her child was conceived. She knows the date of the start of her last menstrual period was March 4th. What does she need to do to calculate the date of conception from this point?

Accepted Answer

A) Add 38 weeks to that date 
B) Add 14 days to that date 
C) Add 7 days to that date 
D) She can't calculate the conception date with that information, only the expected due date 
A) Add 38 weeks to that date 
B) Add 14 days to that date 
C) Add 7 days to that date 
D) She can't calculate the conception date with that information, only the expected due date

Question 12

Passive aging is

Accepted Answer

A) a result of a person being much less active in later years. 
B) decay of tissues. 
C) a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions. 
D) a buildup of structures and speeding of functions. 
A) a result of a person being much less active in later years. 
B) decay of tissues. 
C) a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions. 
D) a buildup of structures and speeding of functions.

Question 13

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the

Accepted Answer

A) right atrium into the left atrium. 
B) left atrium into the right atrium. 
C) aorta into the pulmonary trunk. 
D) pulmonary trunk into the aorta. 
A) right atrium into the left atrium. 
B) left atrium into the right atrium. 
C) aorta into the pulmonary trunk. 
D) pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

Question 14

Sperm movement through the uterus and uterine tubes is aided by muscle contractions of the uterine walls and ________ in the semen.

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen 
B) progestins 
C) prostaglandins 
D) epinephrine 
A) estrogen 
B) progestins 
C) prostaglandins 
D) epinephrine

Question 15

The yolk sac

Accepted Answer

A) forms blood cells in early development. 
B) provides nutrients to the fetus when the umbilical cord is disconnected. 
C) stores metabolic wastes until the fetus is born. 
D) gives rise to the primary germ layers. 
A) forms blood cells in early development. 
B) provides nutrients to the fetus when the umbilical cord is disconnected. 
C) stores metabolic wastes until the fetus is born. 
D) gives rise to the primary germ layers.

Question 16

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with the Varicella (chicken pox)virus during the embryonic stage, the fetus can develop eye problems, mental retardation, and delayed growth. The Varicella virus is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a pregnant woman becomes infected with...

Question 17

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A) binds iron more strongly. 
B) has more hemoglobin subunits. 
C) binds oxygen more readily. 
D) has more heme units. 
A) binds iron more strongly. 
B) has more hemoglobin subunits. 
C) binds oxygen more readily. 
D) has more heme units.

Question 19

Hydrogen peroxide is a natural byproduct of cellular metabolism in the human body. It sometimes reacts with certain ions in the body to produce a very reactive, electron-grabbing form of hydroxide (OH-)that has been observed to kill healthy cells in vitro. This product can be considered a

Accepted Answer

A) free radical. 
B) mutation. 
C) teratogen. 
D) catalyst. 
A) free radical. 
B) mutation. 
C) teratogen. 
D) catalyst.

Question 20

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the

Accepted Answer

A) outer cell mass of the morula. 
B) inner cell mass of the blastocyst. 
C) middle layer of the zygote. 
D) trophoblast. 
A) outer cell mass of the morula. 
B) inner cell mass of the blastocyst. 
C) middle layer of the zygote. 
D) trophoblast.

Exam 23: Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Upon examination of a zygote, a developmental biologist discovers that it possesses 69 chromosomes. What does this indicate?

A blastomere is a ________ and a blastocyst is ________.

Jeremy cannot ejaculate because of an injury he sustained in a car accident. An assisted reproductive technology that might help him to become a biological father is

The umbilical cord contains two umbilical veins.

The pharmaceutical drug RU-486, typically used to treat Cushing's disease, is also sometimes used for medical abortions. RU-486 blocks progesterone production and its binding to receptors in the reproductive tract. Why would this affect pregnancy and embryonic growth?

A major body part derived from endoderm is

The fertilized ovum is also called a(n)________.

Teratogens are substances that

Prior to the joining (fusion)of the nuclei of the sperm and egg to form a zygote, each nucleus is referred to as a

The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively

A pregnant woman wants to know the approximate day her child was conceived. She knows the date of the start of her last menstrual period was March 4th. What does she need to do to calculate the date of conception from this point?

Passive aging is

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the

Sperm movement through the uterus and uterine tubes is aided by muscle contractions of the uterine walls and ________ in the semen.

The yolk sac

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with the Varicella (chicken pox)virus during the embryonic stage, the fetus can develop eye problems, mental retardation, and delayed growth. The Varicella virus is a(n)________.

The ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs.

Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin

Hydrogen peroxide is a natural byproduct of cellular metabolism in the human body. It sometimes reacts with certain ions in the body to produce a very reactive, electron-grabbing form of hydroxide (OH-)that has been observed to kill healthy cells in vitro. This product can be considered a

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

A blastomere is a and a blastocyst is .