Question 1

A weightlifter uses muscles so the muscles exert more than 75% of their maximum tension. This stimulates

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in slow, fatigable white fibers. 
B) muscle fibers developing new filaments of actin and myosin. 
C) shrinking of skeletal muscle. 
D) conversion of skeletal to smooth muscle. 
A) an increase in slow, fatigable white fibers. 
B) muscle fibers developing new filaments of actin and myosin. 
C) shrinking of skeletal muscle. 
D) conversion of skeletal to smooth muscle.

Question 2

A plank position is part of a yoga/Pilates workout. The person supports the body on the floor in a prone position with the arms and feet supporting the body. It is little similar to the "up" position of a push-up, held for 30 to 60 seconds. Contraction of the abdominal muscles in a plank is most likely

Accepted Answer

A) isotonic. 
B) eccentric. 
C) isometric. 
D) concentric. 
A) isotonic. 
B) eccentric. 
C) isometric. 
D) concentric.

Question 3

Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscle fibers. 
B) skeletal muscle fibers. 
C) cardiac muscle fibers. 
D) skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers. 
A) smooth muscle fibers. 
B) skeletal muscle fibers. 
C) cardiac muscle fibers. 
D) skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers.

Question 4

The toxin that causes botulism

Accepted Answer

A) prevents release of acetylcholine. 
B) promotes release of acetylcholine. 
C) decomposes acetylcholine. 
D) prevents decomposition of acetylcholine. 
A) prevents release of acetylcholine. 
B) promotes release of acetylcholine. 
C) decomposes acetylcholine. 
D) prevents decomposition of acetylcholine.

Question 5

Threshold stimulus is the

Accepted Answer

A) maximum stimulus required to release acetylcholine. 
B) minimum stimulus required to produce ATP. 
C) maximum stimulus required to contract a muscle. 
D) minimum strength of stimulation required to contract a muscle fiber. 
A) maximum stimulus required to release acetylcholine. 
B) minimum stimulus required to produce ATP. 
C) maximum stimulus required to contract a muscle. 
D) minimum strength of stimulation required to contract a muscle fiber.

Question 6

The buccinator muscle is in the

Accepted Answer

A) buttocks. 
B) chest. 
C) bladder. 
D) cheek. 
A) buttocks. 
B) chest. 
C) bladder. 
D) cheek.

Question 7

Short muscle cells with centrally located nuclei are

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscle fibers. 
B) skeletal muscle fibers. 
C) cardiac muscle fibers. 
D) striated muscle fibers. 
A) smooth muscle fibers. 
B) skeletal muscle fibers. 
C) cardiac muscle fibers. 
D) striated muscle fibers.

Question 8

Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of

Accepted Answer

A) the inability of respiratory and circulatory systems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used strenuously for a minute or two. 
B) the inability of myoglobin molecules to store enough oxygen when skeletal muscles are used strenuously for a minute or two. 
C) too much oxygen used in forming pyruvic acid when skeletal muscles are contracted strenuously for a minute or two. 
D) too high a concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere. 
A) the inability of respiratory and circulatory systems to supply enough oxygen to skeletal muscles when used strenuously for a minute or two. 
B) the inability of myoglobin molecules to store enough oxygen when skeletal muscles are used strenuously for a minute or two. 
C) too much oxygen used in forming pyruvic acid when skeletal muscles are contracted strenuously for a minute or two. 
D) too high a concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Question 9

ATP is necessary for muscle relaxation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When ATP levels are low, the relationship between ATP and creatine phosphate is that

Accepted Answer

A) ATP supplies energy to synthesize creatine phosphate from creatine and phosphate. 
B) creatine phosphate supplies energy to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate. 
C) both have three phosphate groups. 
D) both are required to stimulate a muscle to contract. 
A) ATP supplies energy to synthesize creatine phosphate from creatine and phosphate. 
B) creatine phosphate supplies energy to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate. 
C) both have three phosphate groups. 
D) both are required to stimulate a muscle to contract.

Question 11

Arrange the following steps of muscle fiber contraction in the correct sequence. 1. The muscle impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium is released.
2) Thin filaments are pulled over the thick filaments.
3) Calcium floods the sarcoplasm and binds to troponin molecules leaving active sites.
4) The impulse arrives at the synapse and travels through the transverse tubules.
5) The muscle fiber shortens and contracts.
6) Myosin heads bind to exposed active sites on actin, forming cross-bridges.

Accepted Answer

A) 4, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2 
B) 4, 1, 3, 2, 6, 5 
C) 4, 1, 3, 6, 2, 5 
D) 4, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1 
A) 4, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2 
B) 4, 1, 3, 2, 6, 5 
C) 4, 1, 3, 6, 2, 5 
D) 4, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1

Question 12

Muscle fatigue is most likely due to an accumulation of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Muscle fatigue is most likely due to...

Question 13

Creatine phosphate

Accepted Answer

A) causes the decomposition of ATP. 
B) causes the decomposition of ADP. 
C) supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
D) supplies energy for the breakdown of ATP to ADP. 
A) causes the decomposition of ATP. 
B) causes the decomposition of ADP. 
C) supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
D) supplies energy for the breakdown of ATP to ADP.

Question 14

A tendon is ________, whereas an aponeurosis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cordlike and connects bones to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles 
B) a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles; cordlike and connects bones to bones 
C) cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles 
D) a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects bones to bones; cordlike and connects muscles to muscles 
A) cordlike and connects bones to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles 
B) a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles; cordlike and connects bones to bones 
C) cordlike and connects muscles to bones; a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles 
D) a broad sheet of dense connective tissue that connects bones to bones; cordlike and connects muscles to muscles

Question 15

What is the first event in muscle fiber contraction?

Accepted Answer

A) The muscle fiber membrane is stimulated and a muscle impulse travels deep into the fiber through transverse tubules. 
B) Acetylcholine diffuses across a gap at a neuromuscular junction. 
C) Acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron. 
D) Calcium ions diffuse from sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin molecules. 
A) The muscle fiber membrane is stimulated and a muscle impulse travels deep into the fiber through transverse tubules. 
B) Acetylcholine diffuses across a gap at a neuromuscular junction. 
C) Acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron. 
D) Calcium ions diffuse from sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm and bind to troponin molecules.

Question 16

The amount of oxygen liver cells require to support the conversion of lactic acid to produce glucose or glycogen is the

Accepted Answer

A) refractory quantity. 
B) oxygen debt. 
C) anaerobic concentration. 
D) aerobic conversion. 
A) refractory quantity. 
B) oxygen debt. 
C) anaerobic concentration. 
D) aerobic conversion.

Question 17

Choose the correct statement about muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on myosin filaments. 
B) Actin filaments slide along myosin filaments. 
C) Cross-bridges form between actin and the sarcolemma. 
D) Filaments of troponin and tropomyosin slide past one another. 
A) Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific sites on myosin filaments. 
B) Actin filaments slide along myosin filaments. 
C) Cross-bridges form between actin and the sarcolemma. 
D) Filaments of troponin and tropomyosin slide past one another.

Question 18

A muscle that assists the agonist is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) antagonist. 
B) prime mover. 
C) mediator. 
D) synergist. 
A) antagonist. 
B) prime mover. 
C) mediator. 
D) synergist.

Question 19

While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells are multinucleated. They are long, unbranched, striated, and contain a developed transverse tubule system. Which muscle type does this sample contain?

Accepted Answer

A) Skeletal muscle 
B) Smooth muscle 
C) Cardiac muscle 
D) Striated muscle 
A) Skeletal muscle 
B) Smooth muscle 
C) Cardiac muscle 
D) Striated muscle

Question 20

Regina began an exercise program six months ago, and the muscles of her upper limbs and lower limbs are more prominent. Exercise can lead to formation of new muscle by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating synthesis of myoglobin. 
B) stimulating skeletal muscle cells to release IL-6, which stimulates satellite cells to divide, producing more muscle cells. 
C) stimulating connective tissue to differentiate as muscle tissue. 
D) stimulating motor neurons to divide and innervate more muscle cells. 
A) stimulating synthesis of myoglobin. 
B) stimulating skeletal muscle cells to release IL-6, which stimulates satellite cells to divide, producing more muscle cells. 
C) stimulating connective tissue to differentiate as muscle tissue. 
D) stimulating motor neurons to divide and innervate more muscle cells.

Exam 9: Muscular System

A weightlifter uses muscles so the muscles exert more than 75% of their maximum tension. This stimulates

Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in

The toxin that causes botulism

Threshold stimulus is the

The buccinator muscle is in the

Short muscle cells with centrally located nuclei are

Oxygen debt in muscles may develop because of

ATP is necessary for muscle relaxation.

When ATP levels are low, the relationship between ATP and creatine phosphate is that

Muscle fatigue is most likely due to an accumulation of ________.

Creatine phosphate

A tendon is ________, whereas an aponeurosis is ________.

What is the first event in muscle fiber contraction?

The amount of oxygen liver cells require to support the conversion of lactic acid to produce glucose or glycogen is the

Choose the correct statement about muscle contraction.

A muscle that assists the agonist is a(n)

While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells are multinucleated. They are long, unbranched, striated, and contain a developed transverse tubule system. Which muscle type does this sample contain?

Regina began an exercise program six months ago, and the muscles of her upper limbs and lower limbs are more prominent. Exercise can lead to formation of new muscle by

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

A tendon is , whereas an aponeurosis is .