Question 1

The main disadvantage of a counterbalanced design is the lack of control for

Accepted Answer

A)  carry-over effect of treatment. 
B)  internal validity. 
C)  preexisting differences. 
D)  pretest sensitization. 
A)  carry-over effect of treatment. 
B)  internal validity. 
C)  preexisting differences. 
D)  pretest sensitization.

Question 2

The main internal validity problem of the static-group comparison design is

Accepted Answer

A)  observed posttest differences may be due to preexperimental differences between the groups rather than to the experimental treatment. 
B)  the interaction between the experimental and control treatments. 
C)  the pretest may sensitize subjects to the experimental treatment. 
D)  the matching procedure may result in the loss of too many subjects and thus introduce bias. 
A)  observed posttest differences may be due to preexperimental differences between the groups rather than to the experimental treatment. 
B)  the interaction between the experimental and control treatments. 
C)  the pretest may sensitize subjects to the experimental treatment. 
D)  the matching procedure may result in the loss of too many subjects and thus introduce bias.

Question 3

What does interaction mean in a factorial design?

Accepted Answer

Interaction refers to an effect that occ

Question 4

The relationship between internal and external validity in research can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  If an experiment lacks external validity, it cannot have internal validity. 
B)  If an experiment lacks internal validity, it cannot have external validity. 
C)  Internal and external validity are not related at all. 
A)  If an experiment lacks external validity, it cannot have internal validity. 
B)  If an experiment lacks internal validity, it cannot have external validity. 
C)  Internal and external validity are not related at all.

Question 5

A baseline, treatment, baseline single-subject design would be represented as:

Accepted Answer

A) BAB 
B) ABA 
C) SAB 
D) SBA 
A) BAB 
B) ABA 
C) SAB 
D) SBA

Question 6

Exhibit 11-4.Identify the major threat to internal validity in the following research studies.
-Refer to Exhibit 11-4.Students who had low scores on a reading pretest were chosen for a special instructional program.This group showed significant gains on a reading achievement test administered after a period of four months.

Accepted Answer

A)  Regression 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Mortality 
D)  Selection 
E)  History 
A)  Regression 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Mortality 
D)  Selection 
E)  History

Question 7

A researcher used a pretest-posttest, control group quasi-experimental design.The experimental group had a mean achievement test score of 40 on the pretest and 70 on the posttest.The control group had a mean achievement score of 50 on the pretest and 60 on the posttest.What statistical technique should the researcher use to analyze these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test 
B)  ANOVA (analysis of variance) 
C)  ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) 
D)  chi-square 
A)  t-test 
B)  ANOVA (analysis of variance) 
C)  ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) 
D)  chi-square

Question 8

Exhibit 11-2: The following means (graphs a - e) show some possible outcomes of a study investigating the relationship of two handwriting instruction methods, A and B, on the handwriting scores of boys and girls.The scale on the left shows dependent variable scores.
 
-Refer to Exhibit 11-2.Which diagram shows interaction but no gender or method difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
C)  graph (c) 
D)  graph (d) 
E)  graph (e) 
A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
C)  graph (c) 
D)  graph (d) 
E)  graph (e)

Question 9

The major disadvantage of a simple ABA single-subject design is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  concludes with subjects under baseline conditions. 
B)  concludes with subjects under experimental conditions. 
C)  needs more than two different treatments. 
D)  requires an excessive amount of time to complete the experiment. 
A)  concludes with subjects under baseline conditions. 
B)  concludes with subjects under experimental conditions. 
C)  needs more than two different treatments. 
D)  requires an excessive amount of time to complete the experiment.

Question 10

Identify an advantage of the randomized subjects control-group, posttest only design in comparison to the randomized subjects, control-group, pretest-posttest design.

Accepted Answer

The randomized subjects control-group, p

Question 11

A static group comparison design has a control group, but

Accepted Answer

A)  the posttest is not compared to anything. 
B)  the groups are not pretested to see change. 
C)  the equivalence of the groups is questionable. 
D)  b and c 
A)  the posttest is not compared to anything. 
B)  the groups are not pretested to see change. 
C)  the equivalence of the groups is questionable. 
D)  b and c

Question 12

In a nonrandomized control group, pretest-posttest design, the recommended procedure for analyzing test results is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test of the difference between pretest and posttest means for both the experimental and the control group. 
B)  four-way analysis of variance. 
C)  analysis of covariance, in which the posttest means are compared using the pretest means as the covariate. 
D)  analysis of variance of the mean pretest-posttest change for the experimental and control groups. 
A)  t-test of the difference between pretest and posttest means for both the experimental and the control group. 
B)  four-way analysis of variance. 
C)  analysis of covariance, in which the posttest means are compared using the pretest means as the covariate. 
D)  analysis of variance of the mean pretest-posttest change for the experimental and control groups.

Question 13

What are the advantages of designs incorporating random assignment?

Accepted Answer

It provides the best method of control o

Question 14

Multiple baseline designs may use more than one

Accepted Answer

A)  subject. 
B)  target behavior. 
C)  setting. 
D)  AB unit. 
E)  All of the these are true. 
A)  subject. 
B)  target behavior. 
C)  setting. 
D)  AB unit. 
E)  All of the these are true.

Question 15

Exhibit 11-4.Identify the major threat to internal validity in the following research studies.
-Refer to Exhibit 11-4.A teacher researcher randomly assigned students within a classroom to two groups, one of which received some special instructional materials to take home with them to study and to use with homework assignments.The C group did not get the special materials.The researcher was surprised to find that there weren't significant differences between the two groups on achievement tests and other selected measures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Regression 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Mortality 
D)  Selection 
E)  History 
A)  Regression 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Mortality 
D)  Selection 
E)  History

Question 16

Single-case designs have been particularly useful in

Accepted Answer

A)  theory testing. 
B)  laboratory studies. 
C)  classroom applications. 
D)  clinical applications. 
A)  theory testing. 
B)  laboratory studies. 
C)  classroom applications. 
D)  clinical applications.

Question 17

(WWW) Which of the following would be the least acceptable research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posttest only, control group design 
B)  One-group pretest-posttest design 
C)  Pretest-posttest control group design 
D)  Matched subjects, posttest only, control group design 
A)  Posttest only, control group design 
B)  One-group pretest-posttest design 
C)  Pretest-posttest control group design 
D)  Matched subjects, posttest only, control group design

Question 18

Why are quasi-experimental designs often easier to do in public school settings than are true experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A researcher who is not able t

Question 19

Two types of homework were investigated.Boys and girls were randomly assigned to the type A or type B homework , and later given a unit test.The following results were obtained:
 $\begin{array}{lcc} 
& \text { Method A } & \text { Method B } \
\text { Boys } & 40 & 30 \
\text { Girls } & 20 & 30
\end{array}$ 
a.Is there a main effect for type of homework?
b.Is there a main effect for gender?
c.Is there an interaction?

Accepted Answer

a.No (mean is same for both me

Question 20

Factorial designs are useful because they

Accepted Answer

A)  allow multiple independent variables. 
B)  build in extraneous variables. 
C)  examine interaction of variables. 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  allow multiple independent variables. 
B)  build in extraneous variables. 
C)  examine interaction of variables. 
D)  All of these are true.

The main disadvantage of a counterbalanced design is the lack of control for

The main internal validity problem of the static-group comparison design is

What does interaction mean in a factorial design?

The relationship between internal and external validity in research can best be described as

A baseline, treatment, baseline single-subject design would be represented as:

The major disadvantage of a simple ABA single-subject design is that it

Identify an advantage of the randomized subjects control-group, posttest only design in comparison to the randomized subjects, control-group, pretest-posttest design.

A static group comparison design has a control group, but

In a nonrandomized control group, pretest-posttest design, the recommended procedure for analyzing test results is a(n)

What are the advantages of designs incorporating random assignment?

Multiple baseline designs may use more than one

Single-case designs have been particularly useful in

(WWW) Which of the following would be the least acceptable research design?

Why are quasi-experimental designs often easier to do in public school settings than are true experimental designs?

Factorial designs are useful because they

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

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Exam 11: Experimental Research Design

The main disadvantage of a counterbalanced design is the lack of control for

The main internal validity problem of the static-group comparison design is

What does interaction mean in a factorial design?

The relationship between internal and external validity in research can best be described as

A baseline, treatment, baseline single-subject design would be represented as:

The major disadvantage of a simple ABA single-subject design is that it

Identify an advantage of the randomized subjects control-group, posttest only design in comparison to the randomized subjects, control-group, pretest-posttest design.

A static group comparison design has a control group, but

In a nonrandomized control group, pretest-posttest design, the recommended procedure for analyzing test results is a(n)

What are the advantages of designs incorporating random assignment?

Multiple baseline designs may use more than one

Single-case designs have been particularly useful in

(WWW) Which of the following would be the least acceptable research design?

Why are quasi-experimental designs often easier to do in public school settings than are true experimental designs?

Factorial designs are useful because they

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters