Question 1

Which of the following types of experimental designs would be strongest for establishing cause and effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Time series 
B) Static-group comparison 
C) Matched comparison group 
D) Randomized posttest control group 
E) One group pretest-posttest 
A) Time series 
B) Static-group comparison 
C) Matched comparison group 
D) Randomized posttest control group 
E) One group pretest-posttest

Question 2

Counterbalanced experimental designs are especially susceptible to the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  order. 
C)  instrumentation. 
D)  pretest sensitization. 
A)  regression. 
B)  order. 
C)  instrumentation. 
D)  pretest sensitization.

Question 3

Exhibit 11.3: The following graphs show the results of two studies comparing the effect of instructional Methods A and B in large and small social studies classes.The dependent variable was scores on a standardized social studies test.
  
-Refer to Exhibit 11-3.Which graph shows main effects but no interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b)

Question 4

A basic assumption of the multiple baseline design is that the

Accepted Answer

A)  treatment affects different behaviors specifically. 
B)  treatment affects more than one behavior in the same way. 
C)  behaviors involved are independent of one another. 
D)  behaviors are correlated with one another. 
E)  a and c 
A)  treatment affects different behaviors specifically. 
B)  treatment affects more than one behavior in the same way. 
C)  behaviors involved are independent of one another. 
D)  behaviors are correlated with one another. 
E)  a and c

Question 5

Exhibit 11-2: The following means (graphs a - e) show some possible outcomes of a study investigating the relationship of two handwriting instruction methods, A and B, on the handwriting scores of boys and girls.The scale on the left shows dependent variable scores.
 
-Refer to Exhibit 11-2.Which diagram shows interaction, gender difference, and method difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
C)  graph (c) 
D)  graph (d) 
E)  graph (e) 
A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
C)  graph (c) 
D)  graph (d) 
E)  graph (e)

Question 6

An elementary teacher had a student, Andy, who showed signs of hyperactivity in the classroom.The teacher wanted to "experiment" to find ways to reduce the hyperactivity and bring about behavior more conducive to learning.She began to record the number of incidences of hyperactive behavior.After a period of time, she started to praise Andy and gave him tokens when he stayed in his seat and showed other less hyperactive behavior.The praise and tokens continued during which time the teacher observed and recorded Andy's behavior.The teacher then stopped the praise and the tokens and took measures of Andy's behavior.What data would the teacher look for to determine the effectiveness of her "treatment"?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in hyperactivity during the treatment phase. 
B)  an increase in hyperactivity during the treatment phase. 
C)  an increase in hyperactivity during the "return to baseline" period. 
D)  an increase in hyperactivity when the B phase is reinstated. 
E)  a and c 
A)  a decrease in hyperactivity during the treatment phase. 
B)  an increase in hyperactivity during the treatment phase. 
C)  an increase in hyperactivity during the "return to baseline" period. 
D)  an increase in hyperactivity when the B phase is reinstated. 
E)  a and c

Question 7

How does the multiple baseline differ from the ABAB technique?

Accepted Answer

In a multiple baseline, the intervention

Question 8

The major means of control in single-subject experimental research is

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  randomization. 
C)  homogeneous selection. 
D)  analysis of covariance. 
A)  replication. 
B)  randomization. 
C)  homogeneous selection. 
D)  analysis of covariance.

Question 9

The first step in the ABAB design is

Accepted Answer

A)  using random assignment to place subjects in groups. 
B)  selecting matched pairs for the study. 
C)  administering a pretest to all subjects. 
D)  measuring the behavior of interest before the treatment. 
A)  using random assignment to place subjects in groups. 
B)  selecting matched pairs for the study. 
C)  administering a pretest to all subjects. 
D)  measuring the behavior of interest before the treatment.

Question 10

Exhibit 11.1: In the following items, select the experimental design that best fits the descriptive statement.
-Refer to Exhibit 11-1.All subjects are entered into all experimental treatments.

Accepted Answer

A)  One-group, pretest-posttest design 
B)  Randomized subjects, posttest only, control-group design 
C)  Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest design control-group 
D)  Randomized Solomon four-group design 
E)  Counterbalanced design 
A)  One-group, pretest-posttest design 
B)  Randomized subjects, posttest only, control-group design 
C)  Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest design control-group 
D)  Randomized Solomon four-group design 
E)  Counterbalanced design

Question 11

A researcher wants to investigate the effectiveness of three versions of a computer-assisted instructional (CAI) program in math on the achievement of elementary school students in math.The researcher wants to know if the effectiveness of the program would depend on the math aptitude (classified as above and below average) and the gender of the students.What experimental design would you recommend for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 $\times$ 2 $\times$  3 factorial design 
B)  3$\times$  2 $\times$  2 factorial design 
C)  Solomon three-group design 
D)  Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest, control group design 
E)  None of these is true. 
A)  1 $\times$ 2 $\times$  3 factorial design 
B)  3$\times$  2 $\times$  2 factorial design 
C)  Solomon three-group design 
D)  Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest, control group design 
E)  None of these is true.

Question 12

There is a need to be concerned with a carry-over effect when the design is a

Accepted Answer

A)  times series design. 
B)  counterbalanced design. 
C)  randomized Solomon four-group design. 
D)  randomized control-group, posttest only design. 
A)  times series design. 
B)  counterbalanced design. 
C)  randomized Solomon four-group design. 
D)  randomized control-group, posttest only design.

Question 13

To investigate the interaction effect of several independent variables, a researcher would use a(n) _____ experimental design.

Accepted Answer

A)  ABAB 
B)  factorial 
C)  Solomon four-group 
D)  single-subject 
E)  static group comparison 
A)  ABAB 
B)  factorial 
C)  Solomon four-group 
D)  single-subject 
E)  static group comparison

Question 14

A 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$2 factorial design indicates that the experiment includes

Accepted Answer

A)  two dependent variables. 
B)  three dependent variables. 
C)  two independent variables. 
D)  three independent variables. 
E)  eight independent variables. 
A)  two dependent variables. 
B)  three dependent variables. 
C)  two independent variables. 
D)  three independent variables. 
E)  eight independent variables.

Question 15

In a control group time series design, the experimental treatment is administered

Accepted Answer

A)  prior to obtaining baseline measurements. 
B)  after all baseline measurements are obtained. 
C)  between two periodic series of measurements. 
D)  first to the experimental group and then to the control group. 
A)  prior to obtaining baseline measurements. 
B)  after all baseline measurements are obtained. 
C)  between two periodic series of measurements. 
D)  first to the experimental group and then to the control group.

Question 16

Exhibit 11.1: In the following items, select the experimental design that best fits the descriptive statement.
-Refer to Exhibit 11-1.Includes more than one control group with one group receiving neither pretest nor treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  One-group, pretest-posttest design 
B)  Randomized subjects, posttest only, control-group design 
C)  Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest, control-group design 
D)  Randomized Solomon four-group design 
E)  Counterbalanced design 
A)  One-group, pretest-posttest design 
B)  Randomized subjects, posttest only, control-group design 
C)  Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest, control-group design 
D)  Randomized Solomon four-group design 
E)  Counterbalanced design

Question 17

The single-subject experimental design is especially useful in

Accepted Answer

A)  research on behavior modification. 
B)  research where the investigator cannot manipulate an independent variable. 
C)  research to determine the value of a clinical treatment. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  a and c 
A)  research on behavior modification. 
B)  research where the investigator cannot manipulate an independent variable. 
C)  research to determine the value of a clinical treatment. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  a and c

Question 18

A researcher is studying the effect of word games on spelling achievement.Of two randomly assigned groups one receives experience with word games, while the other does not.A spelling test is then administered.This design is

Accepted Answer

A)  counterbalanced. 
B)  randomized subjects, posttest only control group. 
C)  a simple 2 $\times$ 2 factorial. 
D)  a static group 
A)  counterbalanced. 
B)  randomized subjects, posttest only control group. 
C)  a simple 2 $\times$ 2 factorial. 
D)  a static group

Question 19

Exhibit 11-2: The following means (graphs a - e) show some possible outcomes of a study investigating the relationship of two handwriting instruction methods, A and B, on the handwriting scores of boys and girls.The scale on the left shows dependent variable scores.
 
-Refer to Exhibit 11-2.Which diagram shows no interaction but both gender and method difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
C)  graph (c) 
D)  graph (d) 
E)  graph (e) 
A)  graph (a) 
B)  graph (b) 
C)  graph (c) 
D)  graph (d) 
E)  graph (e)

Question 20

What are the two essential features of true experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A) Dependent and attribute variables 
B) Manipulation and random assignment 
C) Blinding and counterbalancing 
D) Theory and matching 
E) Pretest and posttest 
A) Dependent and attribute variables 
B) Manipulation and random assignment 
C) Blinding and counterbalancing 
D) Theory and matching 
E) Pretest and posttest

Which of the following types of experimental designs would be strongest for establishing cause and effect?

Counterbalanced experimental designs are especially susceptible to the effect of

A basic assumption of the multiple baseline design is that the

How does the multiple baseline differ from the ABAB technique?

The major means of control in single-subject experimental research is

The first step in the ABAB design is

Exhibit 11.1: In the following items, select the experimental design that best fits the descriptive statement. -Refer to Exhibit 11-1.All subjects are entered into all experimental treatments.

There is a need to be concerned with a carry-over effect when the design is a

To investigate the interaction effect of several independent variables, a researcher would use a(n) _____ experimental design.

A 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design indicates that the experiment includes

In a control group time series design, the experimental treatment is administered

Exhibit 11.1: In the following items, select the experimental design that best fits the descriptive statement. -Refer to Exhibit 11-1.Includes more than one control group with one group receiving neither pretest nor treatment.

The single-subject experimental design is especially useful in

A researcher is studying the effect of word games on spelling achievement.Of two randomly assigned groups one receives experience with word games, while the other does not.A spelling test is then administered.This design is

What are the two essential features of true experimental designs?

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

Exam 11: Experimental Research Design

Which of the following types of experimental designs would be strongest for establishing cause and effect?

Counterbalanced experimental designs are especially susceptible to the effect of

A basic assumption of the multiple baseline design is that the

How does the multiple baseline differ from the ABAB technique?

The major means of control in single-subject experimental research is

The first step in the ABAB design is

Exhibit 11.1: In the following items, select the experimental design that best fits the descriptive statement. -Refer to Exhibit 11-1.All subjects are entered into all experimental treatments.

There is a need to be concerned with a carry-over effect when the design is a

To investigate the interaction effect of several independent variables, a researcher would use a(n) _____ experimental design.

A 2 ×\times× 2 ×\times× 2 factorial design indicates that the experiment includes

In a control group time series design, the experimental treatment is administered

Exhibit 11.1: In the following items, select the experimental design that best fits the descriptive statement. -Refer to Exhibit 11-1.Includes more than one control group with one group receiving neither pretest nor treatment.

The single-subject experimental design is especially useful in

A researcher is studying the effect of word games on spelling achievement.Of two randomly assigned groups one receives experience with word games, while the other does not.A spelling test is then administered.This design is

What are the two essential features of true experimental designs?

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

A 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design indicates that the experiment includes