Question 1

According to the research presented by Osgood and Chambers, the most critical element of social disorganization in nonmetropolitan communities appears to be:

Accepted Answer

A) family disruption 
B) residential instability 
C) economic status 
D) ethnic diversity 
A) family disruption 
B) residential instability 
C) economic status 
D) ethnic diversity

Question 2

Reports of neighborhood violence depended to some degree on personal background with higher levels of violence reported by those who were separated or divorced and younger respondents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Sanchez-Jankowski defines gangs as

Accepted Answer

A) organized defiant individualism 
B) criminal defiant individualism 
C) loose associations 
D) individual entities 
A) organized defiant individualism 
B) criminal defiant individualism 
C) loose associations 
D) individual entities

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the variables that social disorganization theory specifies as influencing a community's capacity to develop and maintain strong systems of social relationships?

Accepted Answer

A) ethnic diversity 
B) family disruption 
C) population size or density 
D) all of these 
A) ethnic diversity 
B) family disruption 
C) population size or density 
D) all of these

Question 5

Identify Cloward and Ohlin's two gang types that develop from the frustration in lower-class culture.

Accepted Answer

Conflict g

Question 6

Briefly explain the distinction between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity.

Accepted Answer

Mechanical solidarity existed in small,

Question 7

Focal concerns theory is most concerned with the impact of stress and negative emotionality on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to Messner and Rosenfeld, what is the answer to the high crime rate in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) anomie 
B) capitalism 
C) decommodification 
D) institutionalization 
A) anomie 
B) capitalism 
C) decommodification 
D) institutionalization

Question 9

A high school student steals money from a classmate's locker.How would strain theory account for this crime?

Accepted Answer

A) The offender must have come from a community that lacked informal social controls. 
B) The offender engaged in innovation to reach a legitimate goal through illegitimate means. 
C) The offender was influenced by America's strong cultural emphasis on economic success. 
D) The offender did not have coping mechanisms in place to adequately deal with their negative emotions. 
A) The offender must have come from a community that lacked informal social controls. 
B) The offender engaged in innovation to reach a legitimate goal through illegitimate means. 
C) The offender was influenced by America's strong cultural emphasis on economic success. 
D) The offender did not have coping mechanisms in place to adequately deal with their negative emotions.

Question 10

An increase in gangs in contemporary cities has been attributable to the loss of manufacturing jobs within the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Walter Miller suggested that ______ is/are part of a value system and lifestyle that has emerged from the realities of life on the bottom rung of society.

Accepted Answer

A) status frustration 
B) focal concerns 
C) short-run hedonism 
D) modes of adaptation 
A) status frustration 
B) focal concerns 
C) short-run hedonism 
D) modes of adaptation

Question 12

Identify the theorist(s) known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success, there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

Accepted Answer

A) Shaw and McKay 
B) Durkheim 
C) Merton 
D) Cloward and Ohlin 
A) Shaw and McKay 
B) Durkheim 
C) Merton 
D) Cloward and Ohlin

Question 13

Describe the central argument of institutional anomie theory.

Accepted Answer

The high value placed on monet

Question 14

Sanchez-Jankowski identified five critical periods that have affected the social and organizational development of gangs over the last 150 years.Common to all five periods were two factors

Accepted Answer

A) increase in ethnic diversity and residential instability 
B) population increase and poverty 
C) poverty and decrease in socioeconomic mobility 
D) decrease in ethnic diversity and socioeconomic mobility 
A) increase in ethnic diversity and residential instability 
B) population increase and poverty 
C) poverty and decrease in socioeconomic mobility 
D) decrease in ethnic diversity and socioeconomic mobility

Question 15

Explain the concept of anomie.How did Merton and Durkheim view anomie differently?

Accepted Answer

Anomie is a concept in sociology that re

Question 16

According to Robert Merton's theory, what causes strain?

Accepted Answer

A cultural emphasis on monetar

Question 17

Anomie/strain theory is most applicable to violent crimes, not those committed for financial gain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

How would an institutional anomie theorist explain the crime of bank robbery?

Accepted Answer

A) The offender must have come from a community that lacked informal social controls. 
B) The offender engaged in innovation to reach a legitimate goal through illegitimate means. 
C) The offender was influenced by America's strong cultural emphasis on economic success. 
D) The offender did not have coping mechanisms in place to adequately deal with their negative emotions. 
A) The offender must have come from a community that lacked informal social controls. 
B) The offender engaged in innovation to reach a legitimate goal through illegitimate means. 
C) The offender was influenced by America's strong cultural emphasis on economic success. 
D) The offender did not have coping mechanisms in place to adequately deal with their negative emotions.

Question 19

Define illegitimacy adjustment.

Accepted Answer

The use of conventionally pros

Question 20

Identify and explain each of Merton's five modes of adaptation.Provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Robert Merton, a sociologist, proposed f

According to the research presented by Osgood and Chambers, the most critical element of social disorganization in nonmetropolitan communities appears to be:

Reports of neighborhood violence depended to some degree on personal background with higher levels of violence reported by those who were separated or divorced and younger respondents.

Sanchez-Jankowski defines gangs as

Which of the following is one of the variables that social disorganization theory specifies as influencing a community's capacity to develop and maintain strong systems of social relationships?

Identify Cloward and Ohlin's two gang types that develop from the frustration in lower-class culture.

Briefly explain the distinction between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity.

Focal concerns theory is most concerned with the impact of stress and negative emotionality on behavior.

According to Messner and Rosenfeld, what is the answer to the high crime rate in the United States?

A high school student steals money from a classmate's locker.How would strain theory account for this crime?

An increase in gangs in contemporary cities has been attributable to the loss of manufacturing jobs within the United States.

Walter Miller suggested that ______ is/are part of a value system and lifestyle that has emerged from the realities of life on the bottom rung of society.

Identify the theorist(s) known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success, there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

Describe the central argument of institutional anomie theory.

Sanchez-Jankowski identified five critical periods that have affected the social and organizational development of gangs over the last 150 years.Common to all five periods were two factors

Explain the concept of anomie.How did Merton and Durkheim view anomie differently?

According to Robert Merton's theory, what causes strain?

Anomie/strain theory is most applicable to violent crimes, not those committed for financial gain.

How would an institutional anomie theorist explain the crime of bank robbery?

Define illegitimacy adjustment.

Identify and explain each of Merton's five modes of adaptation.Provide an example of each.

An Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

The Early Schools of Criminology

Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Social Process Theories

Critical and Feminist Theories

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Crimes of Violence

Terrorism

Property Crime

Public Order Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized Crime

Filters

Exam 6: Social Structural Theories

According to the research presented by Osgood and Chambers, the most critical element of social disorganization in nonmetropolitan communities appears to be:

Reports of neighborhood violence depended to some degree on personal background with higher levels of violence reported by those who were separated or divorced and younger respondents.

Sanchez-Jankowski defines gangs as

Which of the following is one of the variables that social disorganization theory specifies as influencing a community's capacity to develop and maintain strong systems of social relationships?

Identify Cloward and Ohlin's two gang types that develop from the frustration in lower-class culture.

Briefly explain the distinction between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity.

Focal concerns theory is most concerned with the impact of stress and negative emotionality on behavior.

According to Messner and Rosenfeld, what is the answer to the high crime rate in the United States?

A high school student steals money from a classmate's locker.How would strain theory account for this crime?

An increase in gangs in contemporary cities has been attributable to the loss of manufacturing jobs within the United States.

Walter Miller suggested that ______ is/are part of a value system and lifestyle that has emerged from the realities of life on the bottom rung of society.

Identify the theorist(s) known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success, there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

Describe the central argument of institutional anomie theory.

Sanchez-Jankowski identified five critical periods that have affected the social and organizational development of gangs over the last 150 years.Common to all five periods were two factors

Explain the concept of anomie.How did Merton and Durkheim view anomie differently?

According to Robert Merton's theory, what causes strain?

Anomie/strain theory is most applicable to violent crimes, not those committed for financial gain.

How would an institutional anomie theorist explain the crime of bank robbery?

Define illegitimacy adjustment.

Identify and explain each of Merton's five modes of adaptation.Provide an example of each.

An Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

The Early Schools of Criminology

Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Social Process Theories

Critical and Feminist Theories

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Crimes of Violence

Terrorism

Property Crime

Public Order Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized Crime

Filters