Question 1

Which of the following is the conclusion of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements?

Accepted Answer

A)  The USPSTF finds that the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for postmenopausal women outweigh the risks and therefore recommends supplementation for postmenopausal women only. 
B)  The USPSTF finds that the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for all adults over age 50 outweigh the risks and recommends calcium and vitamin D supplementation. 
C)  The USPSTF finds that the risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation outweigh the benefits and recommends that both men and women age 65 and older make a decision about supplementation in consultation with their healthcare provider. 
D)  The USPSTF finds insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the benefits and risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and therefore recommends against supplementation. 
A)  The USPSTF finds that the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for postmenopausal women outweigh the risks and therefore recommends supplementation for postmenopausal women only. 
B)  The USPSTF finds that the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for all adults over age 50 outweigh the risks and recommends calcium and vitamin D supplementation. 
C)  The USPSTF finds that the risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation outweigh the benefits and recommends that both men and women age 65 and older make a decision about supplementation in consultation with their healthcare provider. 
D)  The USPSTF finds insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the benefits and risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and therefore recommends against supplementation. D

Question 2

Death following a hip fracture is often due to infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  smoking 
B)  moderate alcohol consumption 
C)  low dietary intake of calcium 
D)  sedentary lifestyle 
A)  smoking 
B)  moderate alcohol consumption 
C)  low dietary intake of calcium 
D)  sedentary lifestyle B

Question 4

An increased load of supplemental calcium in the bloodstream might increase the risk for a heart attack.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase in the next two decades?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate preventive measures 
B)  increased diagnosis 
C)  increased longevity of the population 
D)  decline in milk consumption 
A)  inadequate preventive measures 
B)  increased diagnosis 
C)  increased longevity of the population 
D)  decline in milk consumption

Question 6

Which of the following medications used in treating bone loss is a pharmacologic preparation of a hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective estrogen receptor modulators 
B)  calcitonin 
C)  teriparatide 
D)  bisphosphonates 
A)  selective estrogen receptor modulators 
B)  calcitonin 
C)  teriparatide 
D)  bisphosphonates

Question 7

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although osteoporosis can be disfiguring, it is not painful. 
B)  About 20% of older adults who suffer a hip fracture die within 1 year. 
C)  The mortality rate following an osteoporotic fracture is higher for women than for men. 
D)  The rate of osteoporotic fractures in both men and women is higher worldwide than it is in the United States. 
A)  Although osteoporosis can be disfiguring, it is not painful. 
B)  About 20% of older adults who suffer a hip fracture die within 1 year. 
C)  The mortality rate following an osteoporotic fracture is higher for women than for men. 
D)  The rate of osteoporotic fractures in both men and women is higher worldwide than it is in the United States.

Question 8

Research has shown no direct evidence that high-sodium diets cause osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Hormone replacement therapy can reduce the risk for hip and spinal fractures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The only way to obtain adequate calcium and vitamin D is to use supplements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following would be MOST helpful in maintaining healthy bone mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swimming 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week. 
B)  Maintaining a BMI between 18.5 and 21.0. 
C)  Jogging, jumping rope, or playing tennis 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week. 
D)  Consuming a minimum of 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily. 
A)  Swimming 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week. 
B)  Maintaining a BMI between 18.5 and 21.0. 
C)  Jogging, jumping rope, or playing tennis 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week. 
D)  Consuming a minimum of 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad?

Accepted Answer

A)  abuse of anabolic steroids 
B)  low bone density 
C)  menstrual dysfunction 
D)  low energy availability 
A)  abuse of anabolic steroids 
B)  low bone density 
C)  menstrual dysfunction 
D)  low energy availability

Question 13

As adults age,bone density declines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

All other factors being equal,an individual who is obese has a lower risk for osteoporosis than a person who is underweight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following would be good advice to offer someone who is planning to take a calcium supplement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Select a calcium carbonate supplement as it contains the most calcium per dose. 
B)  Select a calcium supplement that provides at least 1,000 mg calcium per pill. 
C)  Look for a calcium supplement that is labeled "natural" and is made from oyster shell or bone meal. 
D)  Take your calcium supplement on an empty stomach to increase absorption. 
A)  Select a calcium carbonate supplement as it contains the most calcium per dose. 
B)  Select a calcium supplement that provides at least 1,000 mg calcium per pill. 
C)  Look for a calcium supplement that is labeled "natural" and is made from oyster shell or bone meal. 
D)  Take your calcium supplement on an empty stomach to increase absorption.

Question 17

Two common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the

Accepted Answer

A)  hip and spine. 
B)  wrist and hand. 
C)  clavicle and scapula. 
D)  sternum and ribs. 
A)  hip and spine. 
B)  wrist and hand. 
C)  clavicle and scapula. 
D)  sternum and ribs.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis medications is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  None has been shown to prevent fractures. 
B)  Although all can reduce bone loss, none can increase bone density. 
C)  All have side effects, some of which are significant. 
D)  All are synthetic versions of natural hormones. 
A)  None has been shown to prevent fractures. 
B)  Although all can reduce bone loss, none can increase bone density. 
C)  All have side effects, some of which are significant. 
D)  All are synthetic versions of natural hormones.

Question 19

To preserve bone mass,a high protein intake is more important than an adequate intake of calcium or vitamin D.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

There is a strong genetic component in bone mineral density.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Osteoporosis

Which of the following is the conclusion of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements?

Death following a hip fracture is often due to infection.

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of developing osteoporosis?

An increased load of supplemental calcium in the bloodstream might increase the risk for a heart attack.

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase in the next two decades?

Which of the following medications used in treating bone loss is a pharmacologic preparation of a hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is TRUE?

Research has shown no direct evidence that high-sodium diets cause osteoporosis.

Hormone replacement therapy can reduce the risk for hip and spinal fractures.

The only way to obtain adequate calcium and vitamin D is to use supplements.

Which of the following would be MOST helpful in maintaining healthy bone mass?

Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad?

As adults age,bone density declines.

All other factors being equal,an individual who is obese has a lower risk for osteoporosis than a person who is underweight.

Fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are men.

Which of the following would be good advice to offer someone who is planning to take a calcium supplement?

Two common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis medications is TRUE?

To preserve bone mass,a high protein intake is more important than an adequate intake of calcium or vitamin D.

There is a strong genetic component in bone mineral density.

Nutrition: Linking Food and Health

Designing a Healthful Diet

The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat

Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Nutrients Essential to Key Body Functions

Nutrients Essential to Healthy Tissues

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

Food Safety and Technology: Protecting Our Food

Food Equity,Sustainability,and Quality: The Challenge of Good Food

Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Pregnancy and the First Year of Life

Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Childhood to Late Adulthood

New Frontiers in Nutrition and Health

Healthful Eating Patterns

Disorders Related to Specific Foods

Diabetes

Cardiovascular Disease

Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

Alcohol

Cancer

Obesity

Disorders Related to Body Image, Eating, and Exercise

The Safety and Effectiveness of Dietary Supplements

Malnutrition

The Fetal Environment

Searching for the Fountain of Youth

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