Question 1

What conditions can produce hyperventilation? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Hysteria 
B)  Narcotics 
C)  Atelectasis 
D)  Salicylate intoxication 
E)  Mechanical ventilation 
A)  Hysteria 
B)  Narcotics 
C)  Atelectasis 
D)  Salicylate intoxication 
E)  Mechanical ventilation

Question 2

A 3-year-old child with a tracheostomy will soon be discharged. What recommendation should the nurse share with the family?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tub baths cannot be given. 
B)  The child cannot be allowed to play outdoors. 
C)  Avoid exposure to noxious fumes such as paint or varnish. 
D)  Cover the tracheostomy with a plastic bib when exposed to cold air. 
A)  Tub baths cannot be given. 
B)  The child cannot be allowed to play outdoors. 
C)  Avoid exposure to noxious fumes such as paint or varnish. 
D)  Cover the tracheostomy with a plastic bib when exposed to cold air.

Question 3

A child is in uncompensated metabolic acidosis. What should the nurse expect the arterial blood gas to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3, 24; pH, 7.35 
B)  HCO3, 28; pH, 7.50 
C)  HCO3, 20; pH, 7.30 
D)  HCO3, 26; pH, 7.40 
A)  HCO3, 24; pH, 7.35 
B)  HCO3, 28; pH, 7.50 
C)  HCO3, 20; pH, 7.30 
D)  HCO3, 26; pH, 7.40

Question 4

What test measures the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during any respiratory cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tidal volume 
B)  Vital capacity 
C)  Dynamic compliance 
D)  Pulmonary resistance 
A)  Tidal volume 
B)  Vital capacity 
C)  Dynamic compliance 
D)  Pulmonary resistance

Question 5

What respiratory condition or disease results in both increased compliance and increased resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asthma 
B)  Atelectasis 
C)  Surfactant deficiency 
D)  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
A)  Asthma 
B)  Atelectasis 
C)  Surfactant deficiency 
D)  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 6

The mother of a toddler yells to the nurse, "Help! He is choking to death on his food!" The nurse determines that lifesaving measures are necessary based on which finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gagging 
B)  Coughing 
C)  Pulse over 100 beats/min 
D)  Inability to speak 
A)  Gagging 
B)  Coughing 
C)  Pulse over 100 beats/min 
D)  Inability to speak

Question 7

A 5-month-old infant is in respiratory distress. What should the nurse expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal flaring 
B)  Bradycardia 
C)  Abdominal breathing 
D)  Capillary refill of 2 seconds 
A)  Nasal flaring 
B)  Bradycardia 
C)  Abdominal breathing 
D)  Capillary refill of 2 seconds

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a child in respiratory distress. What is an early but less obvious sign of respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stupor 
B)  Headache 
C)  Bradycardia 
D)  Somnolence 
A)  Stupor 
B)  Headache 
C)  Bradycardia 
D)  Somnolence

Question 9

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.30; PCO2, 50; and HCO3, 29. What result should the nurse document for this blood gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fully compensated respiratory acidosis 
B)  Partially compensated respiratory acidosis 
C)  Fully compensated metabolic acidosis 
D)  Partially compensated metabolic acidosis 
A)  Fully compensated respiratory acidosis 
B)  Partially compensated respiratory acidosis 
C)  Fully compensated metabolic acidosis 
D)  Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

Question 10

It is important to make certain that sensory connectors and oximeters are compatible because incompatible wiring can cause which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperthermia 
B)  Electrocution 
C)  Pressure necrosis 
D)  Burns under sensors 
A)  Hyperthermia 
B)  Electrocution 
C)  Pressure necrosis 
D)  Burns under sensors

Question 11

Respiratory failure can result from many causes. What condition is a specific primary cause of inefficient gas transfer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anemia 
B)  Pneumothorax 
C)  Cystic fibrosis 
D)  Laryngospasm 
A)  Anemia 
B)  Pneumothorax 
C)  Cystic fibrosis 
D)  Laryngospasm

Question 12

What nursing consideration is most important in the care of a child on a mechanical ventilator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humidification is not necessary. 
B)  Respiratory assessment is done by the ventilator. 
C)  Positioning the child for comfort and optimum ventilation is necessary. 
D)  Support and reassurance are not as important because the child is unconscious. 
A)  Humidification is not necessary. 
B)  Respiratory assessment is done by the ventilator. 
C)  Positioning the child for comfort and optimum ventilation is necessary. 
D)  Support and reassurance are not as important because the child is unconscious.

Question 13

The nurse recognizes that oxygen mist tents are rarely used for a child with respiratory distress. What are reasons for not using an oxygen mist tent? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor access to the child 
B)  Cool and wet tent environment 
C)  Oxygen levels fall when tent is entered 
D)  Child may not tolerate it around the crib/bed 
E)  Lower oxygen concentrations cannot be achieved 
A)  Poor access to the child 
B)  Cool and wet tent environment 
C)  Oxygen levels fall when tent is entered 
D)  Child may not tolerate it around the crib/bed 
E)  Lower oxygen concentrations cannot be achieved

Question 14

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.50; PCO2, 50; and HCO3, 29. What result should the nurse document for this blood gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis 
B)  Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis 
A)  Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis 
B)  Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

Question 15

What is the best explanation for using pulse oximetry on young children to determine oxygen saturation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulse oximetry is noninvasive. 
B)  Pulse oximetry is better than capnography. 
C)  Pulse oximetry is more accurate than arterial blood gases. 
D)  Pulse oximetry provides intermittent measurements of oxygen. 
A)  Pulse oximetry is noninvasive. 
B)  Pulse oximetry is better than capnography. 
C)  Pulse oximetry is more accurate than arterial blood gases. 
D)  Pulse oximetry provides intermittent measurements of oxygen.

Question 16

The nurse is evaluating arterial blood gas results. What condition can cause an increase in HCO3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal failure 
B)  Lactic acidosis 
C)  Diabetic ketoacidosis 
D)  Fluid loss from upper gastrointestinal tract 
A)  Renal failure 
B)  Lactic acidosis 
C)  Diabetic ketoacidosis 
D)  Fluid loss from upper gastrointestinal tract

Question 17

The nurse is caring for an intubated child on mechanical ventilation. What interventions should the nurse implement to prevent ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Routine oral hygiene 
B)  Appropriate hand hygiene 
C)  Limit oropharyngeal suctioning of secretions 
D)  Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees 
E)  Wearing gloves to handle respiratory secretions 
A)  Routine oral hygiene 
B)  Appropriate hand hygiene 
C)  Limit oropharyngeal suctioning of secretions 
D)  Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees 
E)  Wearing gloves to handle respiratory secretions

Question 18

The nurse is calculating the amount of expected urinary output for a 24-hour period on an intubated young child who weighs 33 lb. The nurse recognizes the formula to be used is 2 ml/kg/hr. What is the expected 24-hour urinary output for this child in milliliters? Record your answer below in a whole number.
_____________

Accepted Answer

720
Perform the calc

Question 19

Arterial blood gases have just been drawn on a child. What should the nurse do next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Take the sample to the laboratory immediately. 
B)  Pack the sample in ice and take it to the laboratory immediately. 
C)  Place the sample in a brown bag until it can be taken to laboratory. 
D)  Refrigerate the sample until it can be taken to the laboratory. 
A)  Take the sample to the laboratory immediately. 
B)  Pack the sample in ice and take it to the laboratory immediately. 
C)  Place the sample in a brown bag until it can be taken to laboratory. 
D)  Refrigerate the sample until it can be taken to the laboratory.

Question 20

The nurse is caring for a child with a tracheostomy. What clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as an early sign of impending respiratory distress or failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanosis 
B)  Restlessness 
C)  Audible stridor 
D)  Crowing respirations 
A)  Cyanosis 
B)  Restlessness 
C)  Audible stridor 
D)  Crowing respirations

Exam 27: Overview of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange

What conditions can produce hyperventilation? (Select all that apply.)

A 3-year-old child with a tracheostomy will soon be discharged. What recommendation should the nurse share with the family?

A child is in uncompensated metabolic acidosis. What should the nurse expect the arterial blood gas to be?

What test measures the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during any respiratory cycle?

What respiratory condition or disease results in both increased compliance and increased resistance?

The mother of a toddler yells to the nurse, "Help! He is choking to death on his food!" The nurse determines that lifesaving measures are necessary based on which finding?

A 5-month-old infant is in respiratory distress. What should the nurse expect to find?

The nurse is caring for a child in respiratory distress. What is an early but less obvious sign of respiratory failure?

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.30; PCO2, 50; and HCO3, 29. What result should the nurse document for this blood gas?

It is important to make certain that sensory connectors and oximeters are compatible because incompatible wiring can cause which condition?

Respiratory failure can result from many causes. What condition is a specific primary cause of inefficient gas transfer?

What nursing consideration is most important in the care of a child on a mechanical ventilator?

The nurse recognizes that oxygen mist tents are rarely used for a child with respiratory distress. What are reasons for not using an oxygen mist tent? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.50; PCO2, 50; and HCO3, 29. What result should the nurse document for this blood gas?

What is the best explanation for using pulse oximetry on young children to determine oxygen saturation?

The nurse is evaluating arterial blood gas results. What condition can cause an increase in HCO3?

The nurse is caring for an intubated child on mechanical ventilation. What interventions should the nurse implement to prevent ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP)? (Select all that apply.)

Arterial blood gases have just been drawn on a child. What should the nurse do next?

The nurse is caring for a child with a tracheostomy. What clinical manifestation should the nurse recognize as an early sign of impending respiratory distress or failure?

Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing

Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child Health Promotion

Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family

Communication, Physical, and Developmental Assessment

Pain Assessment and Management in Children

Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases

Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family

Health Problems of Newborns

The High-Risk Newborn and Family

Health Promotion of the Infant and Family

Health Problems of the Infant

Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family

Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family

Health Problems of Early Childhood

Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family

Health Problems of the School-Age Child

Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family

Health Problems of the Adolescent

Family-Centered Care of the Child with Chronic Illness or Disability

Family-Centered Palliative Care

The Child with Cognitive, Sensory, or Communication Impairment

Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization

Pediatric Nursing Interventions and Skills

The Child with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

The Child with Renal Dysfunction

The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction

The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction

The Child with Cancer

The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction

The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction

The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction

The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction

Filters

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.30; PCO₂, 50; and HCO₃, 29. What result should the nurse document for this blood gas?

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.50; PCO₂, 50; and HCO₃, 29. What result should the nurse document for this blood gas?

The nurse is evaluating arterial blood gas results. What condition can cause an increase in HCO₃?