Exam 8: Information, Decisions, and Solutions

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Two key criteria for assessing information are validity and reliability

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You have been asked by your employer to gather data about the costs of producing a continuous-curl potato chip. Your company has the opportunity to buy the rights to a patented machine,but your boss wants to know how much the raw materials (potato,salt,oil,),warehousing,maintenance (blades,motors),and processing will cost. -List at least six formal sources you would trust to generate the required data. -Now explain how you could gather the same information in Patatinia,a country where a)you are not allowed Internet access,b)you may not go to a library,c)the periodicals and books available have biased perspectives that you feel are untrustworthy,and d)the supply of potatoes is seasonal. (Assume you have nobody at home who could send you the information.) In other words,in Patatinia you will have to rely on informal sources.

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Formal sources for the information required could come from (1)published statistics,(2) websites of retailers,wholesalers,and analysts,(3) radio,television,documentary film,or other media,(4)newspapers,magazines,books,(5)research publications,(6)experiments,(7) questionnaire surveys,(8)interviews,and (9)studies you do based on observation.
Informal information comes from people whose opinions are treated as trustworthy. Usually they are at a high level within an organization or society. Information involves the context as well as facts. Often a good source for information about personnel comes from the grapevine.

No decision-making style discussed in the textbook can be found in just about every culture.

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Low-context managers think that information that is objective has a greater degree of accuracy.

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How people in a culture makes decisions is an important factor in cross-cultural encounters.

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Formal information is not information that is found online.

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In low-context cultures,information is contained in measurable units.

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Formal information comes from all EXCEPT

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Define conflict and discuss the five factors that lead to conflict in Western cultures,relating them to the individualist-collectivist dimension.

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One way to look at culture's effect on decision making is whether decisions are made based on ends or on beginnings.

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The possession of information leads to an advantage in all cultures. Explain how information might be an advantage in an individualist culture and then compare how it might be an advantage in a collectivist culture. Be sure to mention similarities and differences.

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Business information in any culture is defined the same way.

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A generalization about conflicts in individualist organizations is that they can involve:

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Strategies for communication in conflict across cultures,when members of high-context cultures disagree with members of low-context cultures,are:

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Informal information is

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Information is useful for making decisions in any culture.

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Criteria for assessing business information include:

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All problems are conflicts.

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Problems in organizations:

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Information that is verifiable is information that has been verified by the source.

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