Question 1

Nucleic acid sequencing methods are based on:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to bond specifically with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism. 
A) the ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to bond specifically with each other and form a double-stranded molecule. 
B) detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies. 
C) the principles of complementary nucleic acid hybridization with those of nucleic acid replication. 
D) determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained from an organism.

Question 2

An organism whose genetic makeup is 50% C-G bonds would have a(n)_________ melting temperature (Tm),compared with an organism with 20% C-G bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) higher 
B) lower 
C) equal 
D) similar 
A) higher 
B) lower 
C) equal 
D) similar

Question 3

Complementary nucleic acid hybridization,which is coupled with nucleic acid replication and applied repeatedly through numerous cycles,is based on which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic 
A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic

Question 4

The enzyme that has the ability to synthesize DNA from ribonucleic acid (RNA)is called:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase. 
B) RNAse. 
C) helicase. 
D) reverse transcriptase. 
A) DNA polymerase. 
B) RNAse. 
C) helicase. 
D) reverse transcriptase.

Question 5

Analysis of the number of target molecules in the original clinical specimen can be determined using which of the following molecular techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) Arbritary Primed PCR 
B) Peptide Nucleic Acid (PN
A) FISH 
C) Nested PCR 
D) Quantitative PCR 
A) Arbritary Primed PCR 
B) Peptide Nucleic Acid (PN
A) FISH 
C) Nested PCR 
D) Quantitative PCR

Question 6

Identify the appropriate DNA homolog,or complementary sequence,that could be used as a probe for in situ hybridization to the following target RNA: 5'-AUGCGAUUC-3'

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-TACGCTAAG-3' 
B) 5'-ATGCGATTC-3' 
C) 5'-GAATCGCAT-3' 
D) 5'-AUGCGAUUC-3' 
A) 5'-TACGCTAAG-3' 
B) 5'-ATGCGATTC-3' 
C) 5'-GAATCGCAT-3' 
D) 5'-AUGCGAUUC-3'

Question 7

The ability of two nucleic acid strands,a probe and a target,which have complementary base sequences that specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule,drives which of the following methods?

Accepted Answer

A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic 
A) Hybridization 
B) Sequencing 
C) Amplification (PCR) 
D) Genotypic

Question 8

The optimal way to detect PCR amplicons is to use which stain?

Accepted Answer

A) Methylene blue 
B) Malachite green 
C) Bromothymol blue 
D) Ethidium bromide 
A) Methylene blue 
B) Malachite green 
C) Bromothymol blue 
D) Ethidium bromide

Question 9

The probe in the hybridization assay can be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) originating from the unknown organism to be detected or identified. 
B) a reporter molecule that chemically forms a complex with the single-stranded probe deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A) . 
C) originating from an organism of known identity with a known sequence. 
D) the enzyme needed to elongate the strand. 
A) originating from the unknown organism to be detected or identified. 
B) a reporter molecule that chemically forms a complex with the single-stranded probe deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A) . 
C) originating from an organism of known identity with a known sequence. 
D) the enzyme needed to elongate the strand.

Exam 8: Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Nucleic acid sequencing methods are based on:

An organism whose genetic makeup is 50% C-G bonds would have a(n)_________ melting temperature (Tm),compared with an organism with 20% C-G bonds.

Complementary nucleic acid hybridization,which is coupled with nucleic acid replication and applied repeatedly through numerous cycles,is based on which of the following methods?

The enzyme that has the ability to synthesize DNA from ribonucleic acid (RNA)is called:

Analysis of the number of target molecules in the original clinical specimen can be determined using which of the following molecular techniques?

Identify the appropriate DNA homolog,or complementary sequence,that could be used as a probe for in situ hybridization to the following target RNA: 5'-AUGCGAUUC-3'

The ability of two nucleic acid strands,a probe and a target,which have complementary base sequences that specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule,drives which of the following methods?

The optimal way to detect PCR amplicons is to use which stain?

The probe in the hybridization assay can be described as:

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Overview of Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Parasitology

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Protozoa From Other Body Sites

Intestinal Nematodes

Tissue Nematodes

Blood Nematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceious Molds

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus: Pjirovecii

The Yeasts

Anti-fungal Susceptibility Testing, therapy, and Prevention

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Virology

Viruses in Human Disease

Antiviral Therapy Susceptibility Testing and Prevention

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes ears and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract