Question 1

A definitive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be made by

Accepted Answer

A)  arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. 
B)  chest x-ray examination. 
C)  pulmonary angiogram. 
D)  ventilation-perfusion scanning. 
A)  arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. 
B)  chest x-ray examination. 
C)  pulmonary angiogram. 
D)  ventilation-perfusion scanning.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF)and understands that treatment consists of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Airway clearance therapies 
B)  Antibiotic therapy 
C)  Nutritional support 
D)  Tracheostomy 
E)  Lung transplant 
A)  Airway clearance therapies 
B)  Antibiotic therapy 
C)  Nutritional support 
D)  Tracheostomy 
E)  Lung transplant

Question 3

From the following illustrations of the alveolar-capillary membrane,select the image that demonstrates shunting.

Accepted Answer

A)  
  
B)  
  
C)  
  
D)  
  
E)  
  
A)  
  
B)  
  
C)  
  
D)  
  
E)

Question 4

The nurse is discharging a patient home following treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.As part of the discharge teaching,the nurse instructs,

Accepted Answer

A)  "If you get the pneumococcal vaccine, you'll never get pneumonia again." 
B)  "It is important for you to get an annual influenza shot to reduce your risk of pneumonia." 
C)  "Stay away from cold, drafty places because that increases your risk of pneumonia when you get home." 
D)  "Since you have been treated for pneumonia, you now have immunity from getting it in the future." 
A)  "If you get the pneumococcal vaccine, you'll never get pneumonia again." 
B)  "It is important for you to get an annual influenza shot to reduce your risk of pneumonia." 
C)  "Stay away from cold, drafty places because that increases your risk of pneumonia when you get home." 
D)  "Since you have been treated for pneumonia, you now have immunity from getting it in the future."

Question 5

The etiology of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)is related to damage to the

Accepted Answer

A)  alveolar-capillary membrane. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  mainstem bronchus. 
D)  trachea. 
A)  alveolar-capillary membrane. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  mainstem bronchus. 
D)  trachea.

Question 6

Which of the following are components of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI's)ventilator bundle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interrupt sedation each day to assess readiness to extubate. 
B)  Maintain head of bed at least 30 degrees of elevation. 
C)  Provide deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. 
D)  Provide prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease. 
E)  Swab the mouth with foam swabs every 2 hours. 
A)  Interrupt sedation each day to assess readiness to extubate. 
B)  Maintain head of bed at least 30 degrees of elevation. 
C)  Provide deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. 
D)  Provide prophylaxis for peptic ulcer disease. 
E)  Swab the mouth with foam swabs every 2 hours.

Question 7

Which of the following are physiological effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)used in the treatment of ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases functional residual capacity 
B)  Prevents collapse of unstable alveoli 
C)  Improves arterial oxygenation 
D)  Opens collapsed alveoli 
E)  Improves carbon dioxide retention 
A)  Increases functional residual capacity 
B)  Prevents collapse of unstable alveoli 
C)  Improves arterial oxygenation 
D)  Opens collapsed alveoli 
E)  Improves carbon dioxide retention

Question 8

Select the strategies for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)and pulmonary embolus (PE).

Accepted Answer

A)  Graduated compression stockings 
B)  Heparin or low-molecular weight heparin for patients at risk 
C)  Sequential compression devices 
D)  Strict bed rest 
E)  Leg massage 
A)  Graduated compression stockings 
B)  Heparin or low-molecular weight heparin for patients at risk 
C)  Sequential compression devices 
D)  Strict bed rest 
E)  Leg massage

Question 9

In assessing a patient,the nurse understands that an early sign of hypoxemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  clubbing of nail beds. 
B)  cyanosis. 
C)  hypotension. 
D)  restlessness. 
A)  clubbing of nail beds. 
B)  cyanosis. 
C)  hypotension. 
D)  restlessness.

Question 10

The nurse is assessing a patient.Which assessment would cue the nurse to the potential of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry 
B)  Increased peak inspiratory pressure on the ventilator 
C)  Normal chest radiograph with enlarged cardiac structures 
D)  PaO2/FiO2 ratio >300 
A)  Increased oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry 
B)  Increased peak inspiratory pressure on the ventilator 
C)  Normal chest radiograph with enlarged cardiac structures 
D)  PaO2/FiO2 ratio >300

Question 11

The nurse calculates the PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the following values: PaO2 is 78 mm Hg; FiO2 is 0.6 (60%).

Accepted Answer

A)  46.8; meets criteria for ARDS 
B)  130; meets criteria for ARDS 
C)  468; normal lung function 
D)  Not enough data to compute the ratio 
A)  46.8; meets criteria for ARDS 
B)  130; meets criteria for ARDS 
C)  468; normal lung function 
D)  Not enough data to compute the ratio

Question 12

Identify diagnostic criteria for ARDS.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray study 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  PaO2/ FiO2 ratio of less than 200 
D)  Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) of more than 18 mm Hg 
E)  PAOP less than 18 mm Hg 
A)  Bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray study 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  PaO2/ FiO2 ratio of less than 200 
D)  Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) of more than 18 mm Hg 
E)  PAOP less than 18 mm Hg

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE)and pulmonary embolus (PE)?

Accepted Answer

A)  PE should be suspected in any patient who has unexplained cardiorespiratory complaints and risk factors for VTE. 
B)  Bradycardia and hyperventilation are classic symptoms of PE. 
C)  Dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis occur in nearly all patients with PE. 
D)  Most critically ill patients are at low risk for VTE and PE and do not require prophylaxis. 
A)  PE should be suspected in any patient who has unexplained cardiorespiratory complaints and risk factors for VTE. 
B)  Bradycardia and hyperventilation are classic symptoms of PE. 
C)  Dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis occur in nearly all patients with PE. 
D)  Most critically ill patients are at low risk for VTE and PE and do not require prophylaxis.

Question 14

A patient at high risk for pulmonary embolism is receiving enoxaparin.The nurse explains to the patient:

Accepted Answer

A)  "I'm going to contact the pharmacist to see if you can take this medication by mouth." 
B)  "This injection is being given to prevent blood clots from forming." 
C)  "This medication will dissolve any blood clots you might get." 
D)  "You should not be receiving this medication. I will contact the provider to get it stopped." 
A)  "I'm going to contact the pharmacist to see if you can take this medication by mouth." 
B)  "This injection is being given to prevent blood clots from forming." 
C)  "This medication will dissolve any blood clots you might get." 
D)  "You should not be receiving this medication. I will contact the provider to get it stopped."

Question 15

The nurse is concerned that a patient is at increased risk of developing a pulmonary embolus and develops a plan of care for prevention to include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antiseptic oral care 
B)  Bed rest with head of bed elevated 
C)  Coughing and deep breathing 
D)  Mobility 
A)  Antiseptic oral care 
B)  Bed rest with head of bed elevated 
C)  Coughing and deep breathing 
D)  Mobility

Question 16

When fluid is present in the alveoli,

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli collapse, and atelectasis occurs. 
B)  diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is impaired. 
C)  hypoventilation occurs. 
D)  the patient is in heart failure. 
A)  alveoli collapse, and atelectasis occurs. 
B)  diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is impaired. 
C)  hypoventilation occurs. 
D)  the patient is in heart failure.

A definitive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be made by

The nurse is caring for a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF)and understands that treatment consists of which of the following?

From the following illustrations of the alveolar-capillary membrane,select the image that demonstrates shunting.

The nurse is discharging a patient home following treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.As part of the discharge teaching,the nurse instructs,

The etiology of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)is related to damage to the

Which of the following are components of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI's)ventilator bundle?

Which of the following are physiological effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)used in the treatment of ARDS?

Select the strategies for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)and pulmonary embolus (PE).

In assessing a patient,the nurse understands that an early sign of hypoxemia is

The nurse is assessing a patient.Which assessment would cue the nurse to the potential of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The nurse calculates the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio for the following values: PaO₂ is 78 mm Hg; FiO₂ is 0.6 (60%).

Identify diagnostic criteria for ARDS.

Which of the following statements is true regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE)and pulmonary embolus (PE)?

A patient at high risk for pulmonary embolism is receiving enoxaparin.The nurse explains to the patient:

The nurse is concerned that a patient is at increased risk of developing a pulmonary embolus and develops a plan of care for prevention to include which of the following?

When fluid is present in the alveoli,

Overview of Critical Care Nursing

Patient and Family Response to the Critical Care Experience

Ethical and Legal Issues in Critical Care Nursing

End-Of-Life Care and Palliative Care in Critical Care Settings

Comfort and Sedation

Nutritional Support

Dysrhythmia Interpretation and Management

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilatory Assistance

Rapid Response Teams and Code Management

Organ Donation

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Cardiovascular Alterations

Nervous System Alterations

Acute Kidney Injury

Hematological and Immune Disorders

Gastrointestinal Alterations

Endocrine Alterations

Trauma and Surgical Management

Burns

Filters

Exam 15: Acute Respiratory Failure

A definitive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be made by

The nurse is caring for a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF)and understands that treatment consists of which of the following?

From the following illustrations of the alveolar-capillary membrane,select the image that demonstrates shunting.

The nurse is discharging a patient home following treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.As part of the discharge teaching,the nurse instructs,

The etiology of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)is related to damage to the

Which of the following are components of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI's)ventilator bundle?

Which of the following are physiological effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)used in the treatment of ARDS?

Select the strategies for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)and pulmonary embolus (PE).

In assessing a patient,the nurse understands that an early sign of hypoxemia is

The nurse is assessing a patient.Which assessment would cue the nurse to the potential of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The nurse calculates the PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the following values: PaO2 is 78 mm Hg; FiO2 is 0.6 (60%).

Identify diagnostic criteria for ARDS.

Which of the following statements is true regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE)and pulmonary embolus (PE)?

A patient at high risk for pulmonary embolism is receiving enoxaparin.The nurse explains to the patient:

The nurse is concerned that a patient is at increased risk of developing a pulmonary embolus and develops a plan of care for prevention to include which of the following?

When fluid is present in the alveoli,

Overview of Critical Care Nursing

Patient and Family Response to the Critical Care Experience

Ethical and Legal Issues in Critical Care Nursing

End-Of-Life Care and Palliative Care in Critical Care Settings

Comfort and Sedation

Nutritional Support

Dysrhythmia Interpretation and Management

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilatory Assistance

Rapid Response Teams and Code Management

Organ Donation

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Cardiovascular Alterations

Nervous System Alterations

Acute Kidney Injury

Hematological and Immune Disorders

Gastrointestinal Alterations

Endocrine Alterations

Trauma and Surgical Management

Burns

Filters

The nurse calculates the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio for the following values: PaO₂ is 78 mm Hg; FiO₂ is 0.6 (60%).