Question 1

Some bacteria have genes that confer resistance to mercury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Calcium is cycled most rapidly in terrestrial environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The precipitation of soluble iron ions into solid iron occurs spontaneously in the presence of organic carbon compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Diatoms require silicon due to their

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca²⁺/Si⁴⁺ symporters. 
B)  DNA replication mechanism. 
C)  ornate frustules. 
D)  unique phototrophic physiology. 
A)  Ca²⁺/Si⁴⁺ symporters. 
B)  DNA replication mechanism. 
C)  ornate frustules. 
D)  unique phototrophic physiology.

Question 5

Nitrogen fixation results in the

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of biologically available N from an ecosystem. 
B)  formation of nitrogen gas. 
C)  direct formation of nitrate. 
D)  addition of biologically available N to an ecosystem. 
A)  loss of biologically available N from an ecosystem. 
B)  formation of nitrogen gas. 
C)  direct formation of nitrate. 
D)  addition of biologically available N to an ecosystem.

Question 6

________ is a term used to describe dead organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A)  Humus 
B)  Loam 
C)  Pyrite 
D)  Xenocompost 
A)  Humus 
B)  Loam 
C)  Pyrite 
D)  Xenocompost

Question 7

What is the main form of nitrogen found on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  N₂ 
B)  NO 
C)  NO₃⁻ 
D)  NH₄ 
A)  N₂ 
B)  NO 
C)  NO₃⁻ 
D)  NH₄

Question 8

The two major forms of carbon that remain following microbial degradation are

Accepted Answer

A)  methane, organic matter, and fossil fuels. 
B)  methane and carbon dioxide. 
C)  lignin and fossil fuels. 
D)  organic matter and hydrocarbons. 
A)  methane, organic matter, and fossil fuels. 
B)  methane and carbon dioxide. 
C)  lignin and fossil fuels. 
D)  organic matter and hydrocarbons.

Question 9

Frozen methane molecules are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anhydrous methane. 
B)  anoxic methane. 
C)  methane anhydrates. 
D)  methane hydrates. 
A)  anhydrous methane. 
B)  anoxic methane. 
C)  methane anhydrates. 
D)  methane hydrates.

Question 10

In the natural carbon cycle,carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere by the respiration of animals and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Most chemolithotrophic bacteria that oxidize sulfur are aerobes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is/are NOT a degradation product of organic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  methane 
C)  oxygen 
D)  carbon dioxide, methane, and oxygen 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  methane 
C)  oxygen 
D)  carbon dioxide, methane, and oxygen

Question 13

Describe how syntrophy helps explain why certain enrichments yield consortia and never an individual species.

Accepted Answer

Some catabolic processes are favorable o

Question 14

Using the sudden bloom of cyanobacteria in a lake due to anthropogenic fertilizer inputs as an example,explain the coupling of carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen cycling.Exclude discussion of all organisms other than microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

An increase in primary producers results

Question 15

Phosphorus reservoirs include

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate minerals in rocks, dissolved phosphates in aquatic environments, and the nucleic acids and phospholipids of living organisms. 
B)  mineral phosphonates and the nucleic acids and phospholipids of living organisms. 
C)  elemental phosphorus minerals and phosphonates. 
D)  elemental phosphorous, polyphosphate, and phosphonates. 
A)  phosphate minerals in rocks, dissolved phosphates in aquatic environments, and the nucleic acids and phospholipids of living organisms. 
B)  mineral phosphonates and the nucleic acids and phospholipids of living organisms. 
C)  elemental phosphorus minerals and phosphonates. 
D)  elemental phosphorous, polyphosphate, and phosphonates.

Question 16

Marine wetlands (salt marshes)are highly productive coastal ecosystems that produce a lot of organic carbon,similar to freshwater wetlands; however,salt marshes smell very different than freshwater wetlands.What nutrient cycle is different between the two ecosystems that causes this difference in smell?

Accepted Answer

Salt marshes contain a lot more sulfur c

Question 17

What is the largest carbon sink on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial biosphere 
B)  rocks and sediments 
C)  aquatic biosphere 
D)  fossil fuels 
A)  terrestrial biosphere 
B)  rocks and sediments 
C)  aquatic biosphere 
D)  fossil fuels

Question 18

Nitrate (NO₃⁻)reduced into ammonia (NH₃)to produce energy for the cell is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonification. 
B)  dissimilative reduction of nitrate to ammonia (DRN
A) . 
C)  nitrification. 
D)  redox. 
A)  ammonification. 
B)  dissimilative reduction of nitrate to ammonia (DRN
A) . 
C)  nitrification. 
D)  redox.

Question 19

When dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)is aerobically degraded in a marine environment,which product is most often used to support growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  acrylate 
B)  dimethyl disulfide 
C)  dimethyl sulfoxide 
D)  methanethiol 
A)  acrylate 
B)  dimethyl disulfide 
C)  dimethyl sulfoxide 
D)  methanethiol

Question 20

Mercury is NOT used in

Accepted Answer

A)  electronics. 
B)  neurotoxins. 
C)  pesticides. 
D)  paper pulping. 
A)  electronics. 
B)  neurotoxins. 
C)  pesticides. 
D)  paper pulping.

Exam 20: Nutrient Cycles

Some bacteria have genes that confer resistance to mercury.

Calcium is cycled most rapidly in terrestrial environments.

The precipitation of soluble iron ions into solid iron occurs spontaneously in the presence of organic carbon compounds.

Diatoms require silicon due to their

Nitrogen fixation results in the

________ is a term used to describe dead organic matter.

What is the main form of nitrogen found on Earth?

The two major forms of carbon that remain following microbial degradation are

Frozen methane molecules are called

In the natural carbon cycle,carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere by the respiration of animals and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms.

Most chemolithotrophic bacteria that oxidize sulfur are aerobes.

Which of the following is/are NOT a degradation product of organic material?

Describe how syntrophy helps explain why certain enrichments yield consortia and never an individual species.

Using the sudden bloom of cyanobacteria in a lake due to anthropogenic fertilizer inputs as an example,explain the coupling of carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen cycling.Exclude discussion of all organisms other than microorganisms.

Phosphorus reservoirs include

What is the largest carbon sink on Earth?

Nitrate (NO₃⁻)reduced into ammonia (NH₃)to produce energy for the cell is called

When dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)is aerobically degraded in a marine environment,which product is most often used to support growth?

Mercury is NOT used in

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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