Question 1

UV radiation is a useful tool in producing mutants of microbial cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following features are common to transformation,transduction,and conjugation? (1)unidirectional transfer of genes
(2)incomplete gene transfer
(3)homologous recombination
(4)meiosis occurring in the recipient

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3 
B)  1, 2 
C)  3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4 
A)  1, 2, 3 
B)  1, 2 
C)  3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4

Question 3

When DNA is transferred into a prokaryotic cell it may

Accepted Answer

A)  be degraded by enzymes. 
B)  replicate independent of the host chromosome. 
C)  recombine with the host chromosome. 
D)  be degraded by enzymes, replicate independent of the host chromosome, or recombine with the host chromosome. 
A)  be degraded by enzymes. 
B)  replicate independent of the host chromosome. 
C)  recombine with the host chromosome. 
D)  be degraded by enzymes, replicate independent of the host chromosome, or recombine with the host chromosome.

Question 4

The use of transposons to generate mutations is a convenient way to create bacterial mutations in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The minimal amount of genetic information required for specialized transduction would include

Accepted Answer

A)  the att region. 
B)  the cos site. 
C)  a helper phage. 
D)  the att region, cos site, and a helper phage. 
A)  the att region. 
B)  the cos site. 
C)  a helper phage. 
D)  the att region, cos site, and a helper phage.

Question 6

Discuss the importance of homologous recombination and transposition in natural horizontal gene transfer and evolution.Be sure to define all of the terms you use and connect them together logically in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Natural horizontal gene transfer is the

Question 7

In transformation experiments using a variety of Bacteria,it has been noted that essentially all of the cells in a population can become competent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Hfr means high frequency of ________,and these cells are capable of transferring genes from their ________ to other cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation / chromosome 
B)  transduction / plasmids 
C)  recombination / chromosome 
D)  transduction / chromosome 
A)  transformation / chromosome 
B)  transduction / plasmids 
C)  recombination / chromosome 
D)  transduction / chromosome

Question 9

The mutagens 2-aminopurine and 5-bromouracil are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  alkylating agents. 
B)  nucleotide base analogs. 
C)  chemicals reacting with DNA. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  alkylating agents. 
B)  nucleotide base analogs. 
C)  chemicals reacting with DNA. 
D)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Laboratory-based genetic systems have been difficult to develop for Archaea,because they do NOT naturally undergo conjugation or transduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The CRISPR system

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitates homologous recombination through a complex system of proteins and clustered repeats. 
B)  recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previously entered the cell and directs the Cas proteins to destroy them. 
C)  repairs DNA and increases DNA damage tolerance during times of stress. 
D)  synthesizes gene transfer agents during stationary phase. 
A)  facilitates homologous recombination through a complex system of proteins and clustered repeats. 
B)  recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previously entered the cell and directs the Cas proteins to destroy them. 
C)  repairs DNA and increases DNA damage tolerance during times of stress. 
D)  synthesizes gene transfer agents during stationary phase.

Question 12

Archaea have a unique form of conjugation involving cytoplasmic bridges for bidirectional transfer of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A "point mutation" refers to mutations involving

Accepted Answer

A)  a base-pair substitution. 
B)  the gain of a base pair (microinsertion). 
C)  the deletion of a base pair (microdeletion). 
D)  a substitution, deletion, or addition of one base-pair. 
A)  a base-pair substitution. 
B)  the gain of a base pair (microinsertion). 
C)  the deletion of a base pair (microdeletion). 
D)  a substitution, deletion, or addition of one base-pair.

Question 14

Which of the following factors has delayed the development of laboratory-based genetic systems in Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are no documented systems of conjugation in Archaea. 
B)  Homologous recombination does NOT occur in Archaea. 
C)  Archaea do NOT host viruses or plasmids. 
D)  Many archaea grow in extreme or unusual conditions that make the use of agar and traditional mutant screening techniques problematic. 
A)  There are no documented systems of conjugation in Archaea. 
B)  Homologous recombination does NOT occur in Archaea. 
C)  Archaea do NOT host viruses or plasmids. 
D)  Many archaea grow in extreme or unusual conditions that make the use of agar and traditional mutant screening techniques problematic.

Question 15

Most plasmids are circular rather than linear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Compare and contrast generalized transduction with specialized transduction.

Accepted Answer

Transduction as a whole is the transfer

Question 17

Almost all plasmids are double-stranded DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Intercalating agents,like acridine orange and ethidium bromide,lead to mutagenesis by pushing DNA base pairs apart,which can lead to insertions or deletions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In specialized transduction,virtually any genetic marker can be transferred from donor to recipient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

You work for a biotechnology company that uses Streptomyces strains to produce pharmaceutical products.A phage has infected and killed some of your Streptomyces strains during production,resulting in dramatically decreased yields.To protect the strains from infection you propose to

Accepted Answer

A)  introduce gene transfer agents into the Streptomyces cultures to transfer antibiotic resistance genes into your Streptomyces strains. 
B)  design and insert CRISPR spacer sequences into the genomes of your strains that are complementary to the genomes of the phages that are infecting the cultures. 
C)  infect the Streptomyces strains with a helper phage that will help the strains resist infection. 
D)  transform the Streptomyces strains with plasmids encoding antibody proteins that will protect them from phage infection. 
A)  introduce gene transfer agents into the Streptomyces cultures to transfer antibiotic resistance genes into your Streptomyces strains. 
B)  design and insert CRISPR spacer sequences into the genomes of your strains that are complementary to the genomes of the phages that are infecting the cultures. 
C)  infect the Streptomyces strains with a helper phage that will help the strains resist infection. 
D)  transform the Streptomyces strains with plasmids encoding antibody proteins that will protect them from phage infection.

Exam 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

UV radiation is a useful tool in producing mutants of microbial cultures.

Which of the following features are common to transformation,transduction,and conjugation? (1)unidirectional transfer of genes (2)incomplete gene transfer (3)homologous recombination (4)meiosis occurring in the recipient

When DNA is transferred into a prokaryotic cell it may

The use of transposons to generate mutations is a convenient way to create bacterial mutations in the laboratory.

The minimal amount of genetic information required for specialized transduction would include

Discuss the importance of homologous recombination and transposition in natural horizontal gene transfer and evolution.Be sure to define all of the terms you use and connect them together logically in your answer.

In transformation experiments using a variety of Bacteria,it has been noted that essentially all of the cells in a population can become competent.

Hfr means high frequency of ________,and these cells are capable of transferring genes from their ________ to other cells.

The mutagens 2-aminopurine and 5-bromouracil are examples of

Laboratory-based genetic systems have been difficult to develop for Archaea,because they do NOT naturally undergo conjugation or transduction.

The CRISPR system

Archaea have a unique form of conjugation involving cytoplasmic bridges for bidirectional transfer of DNA.

A "point mutation" refers to mutations involving

Which of the following factors has delayed the development of laboratory-based genetic systems in Archaea?

Most plasmids are circular rather than linear.

Compare and contrast generalized transduction with specialized transduction.

Almost all plasmids are double-stranded DNA.

Intercalating agents,like acridine orange and ethidium bromide,lead to mutagenesis by pushing DNA base pairs apart,which can lead to insertions or deletions.

In specialized transduction,virtually any genetic marker can be transferred from donor to recipient.

You work for a biotechnology company that uses Streptomyces strains to produce pharmaceutical products.A phage has infected and killed some of your Streptomyces strains during production,resulting in dramatically decreased yields.To protect the strains from infection you propose to

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

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Molecular Biology

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Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

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Microbiology of the Built Environment

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Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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Hfr means high frequency of ,and these cells are capable of transferring genes from their to other cells.