Question 1

The positions of genes on a genetic map are marked according to

Accepted Answer

A)  degrees. 
B)  nanometers. 
C)  radians. 
D)  minutes. 
A)  degrees. 
B)  nanometers. 
C)  radians. 
D)  minutes.

Question 2

High-efficiency natural transformation

Accepted Answer

A)  is common in Bacteria and Archaea. 
B)  requires specialized DNA uptake, DNA binding, and integration proteins. 
C)  is only common in Archaea. 
D)  usually involves plasmids. 
A)  is common in Bacteria and Archaea. 
B)  requires specialized DNA uptake, DNA binding, and integration proteins. 
C)  is only common in Archaea. 
D)  usually involves plasmids.

Question 3

Bacterial mating (or conjugation)is a bidirectional process where nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)are transferred between two cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In the bacterial world,a gene located on which of the following would be the LEAST likely to be transferred?

Accepted Answer

A)  R factor 
B)  F⁺ 
C)  the phage Mu 
D)  the chromosome 
A)  R factor 
B)  F⁺ 
C)  the phage Mu 
D)  the chromosome

Question 5

How does the SOS system simultaneously fix damage DNA and increase the mutation rate? How does the SOS system increase the survival of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

The SOS system causes the expression of

Question 6

The SOS system repairs DNA that has gaps,breaks,and other lesions by

Accepted Answer

A)  cutting DNA from other parts of the genome and pasting it into the gaps or damaged areas. 
B)  stabilizing single-stranded DNA until the next round of normal replication. 
C)  using specialized DNA polymerases that will synthesize a new DNA strand even if there is not a normal complementary DNA strand to act as a template. 
D)  using available mRNA and a special RNA-dependent DNA polymerase to fill in the gaps and replace damaged DNA. 
A)  cutting DNA from other parts of the genome and pasting it into the gaps or damaged areas. 
B)  stabilizing single-stranded DNA until the next round of normal replication. 
C)  using specialized DNA polymerases that will synthesize a new DNA strand even if there is not a normal complementary DNA strand to act as a template. 
D)  using available mRNA and a special RNA-dependent DNA polymerase to fill in the gaps and replace damaged DNA.

Question 7

Design an experiment (including controls)to determine if a new kitchen chemical cleaner is mutagenic.Include in your answer how you would interpret the results.

Accepted Answer

The Ames test could be used to determine

Question 8

Transposons can be found on many genetic elements,including plasmids,chromosomes,and viral genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A strain of an organism with an increased mutation rate is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive mutagen strain. 
B)  hypermutable or mutator strain. 
C)  encoded dnaQ system. 
D)  phenotypic variation. 
A)  adaptive mutagen strain. 
B)  hypermutable or mutator strain. 
C)  encoded dnaQ system. 
D)  phenotypic variation.

Question 10

Penicillin selection is a positive selection for the isolation of mutants with growth factor requirements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Ionizing radiation does NOT include

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma rays. 
B)  UV rays. 
C)  X-rays. 
D)  cosmic rays. 
A)  gamma rays. 
B)  UV rays. 
C)  X-rays. 
D)  cosmic rays.

Question 12

Chemical mutagens,UV radiation,and ionizing radiation all increase mutation rates,but they have different mechanisms.Which type of mutagen would be best suited for creating large deletions and rearrangements within a genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical mutagens 
B)  UV radiation 
C)  ionizing radiation 
D)  Chemical, UV, and ionizing radiation would create large deletions and rearrangements if used in a very high dose. 
A)  chemical mutagens 
B)  UV radiation 
C)  ionizing radiation 
D)  Chemical, UV, and ionizing radiation would create large deletions and rearrangements if used in a very high dose.

Question 13

The CRISPR system is said to protect or preserve genome integrity in prokaryotic cells by acting as a type of "immune system." Explain how the CRISPR system works and its limitations.

Accepted Answer

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspa

Question 14

Toxigenicity in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is due to phage conversion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Proteins and nucleic acids absorb light maximally at 260 nm; hence,proteins protect cells from UV effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Explain how electroporation works and the significance of the procedure for genetic experiments.

Accepted Answer

Electroporation involves pulsing cells w

Question 17

Transformation and homologous recombination allow for the formation of heteroduplex DNA.Which of the following would occur during DNA replication of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  One daughter strand is complementary to the recombinant DNA molecule, while the other daughter strand is complementary to the parent DNA molecule. 
B)  Both daughter strands are complementary to the recombinant DNA molecule. 
C)  Both daughter strands are complementary to the parent DNA molecule. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  One daughter strand is complementary to the recombinant DNA molecule, while the other daughter strand is complementary to the parent DNA molecule. 
B)  Both daughter strands are complementary to the recombinant DNA molecule. 
C)  Both daughter strands are complementary to the parent DNA molecule. 
D)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Consider the map shown below of a portion of a prokaryotic genome.How might the elements indicated affect the stability and structure of the genome? Assume that IS2 encodes for a transposase that catalyzes conservative transposition.Re-draw the genome map to illustrate your prediction if necessary.
| IS2 |__gene1 gene2 gene3 | IS2 | geneA geneB geneC | IS2 | geneD | IS2 | geneX

Accepted Answer

Answers should indicate that having mult

Question 19

All Hfr strains possess an F factor integrated into the host chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Following uptake,transforming DNA becomes attached to a competence-specific protein that prevents it from nuclease attack until it reaches the chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

The positions of genes on a genetic map are marked according to

High-efficiency natural transformation

Bacterial mating (or conjugation)is a bidirectional process where nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)are transferred between two cells.

In the bacterial world,a gene located on which of the following would be the LEAST likely to be transferred?

How does the SOS system simultaneously fix damage DNA and increase the mutation rate? How does the SOS system increase the survival of microorganisms?

The SOS system repairs DNA that has gaps,breaks,and other lesions by

Design an experiment (including controls)to determine if a new kitchen chemical cleaner is mutagenic.Include in your answer how you would interpret the results.

Transposons can be found on many genetic elements,including plasmids,chromosomes,and viral genomes.

A strain of an organism with an increased mutation rate is known as a(n)

Penicillin selection is a positive selection for the isolation of mutants with growth factor requirements.

Ionizing radiation does NOT include

Chemical mutagens,UV radiation,and ionizing radiation all increase mutation rates,but they have different mechanisms.Which type of mutagen would be best suited for creating large deletions and rearrangements within a genome?

The CRISPR system is said to protect or preserve genome integrity in prokaryotic cells by acting as a type of "immune system." Explain how the CRISPR system works and its limitations.

Toxigenicity in Corynebacterium diphtheriae is due to phage conversion.

Proteins and nucleic acids absorb light maximally at 260 nm; hence,proteins protect cells from UV effects.

Explain how electroporation works and the significance of the procedure for genetic experiments.

Transformation and homologous recombination allow for the formation of heteroduplex DNA.Which of the following would occur during DNA replication of this molecule?

All Hfr strains possess an F factor integrated into the host chromosome.

Following uptake,transforming DNA becomes attached to a competence-specific protein that prevents it from nuclease attack until it reaches the chromosome.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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