Exam 19: The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Of the total adrenomedullary catecholamine output,epinephrine accounts for 20% and norepinephrine for 80%.

How many glucose transporters (GLUTs)have been identified?

Cortisol inhibits glucose uptake and use by many tissues,including the brain.

Glucose stimulates insulin secretion by means of a(n)__________  process.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is __________.

Intracellular phosphate is important in the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP.

What is the principal regulator of Ca₂+ metabolism?

Blood insulin levels may rise abnormally high in a non-diabetic individual whose alpha cells are under-responsive to glucose,a condition called reactive hypoglycemia.

Epinephrine __________ the overall metabolic rate.

What is the primary glucocorticoid?

What diabetes sub-type is characterized by a lack of insulin secretion?

What do the C cells of the thyroid gland secrete?

Osteocytes,despite their boney confinement,influence ongoing bone formation by secreting what paracrine?

During digestion,carbohydrates are converted into:​

Phosphate helps to form the backbone of what molecules?

The stress hormones,__________ and cortisol,both increase blood glucose and blood fatty acids through a variety of metabolic effects.

How many layers or zones does the adrenal cortex have?​

What's the storage form of dietary fat?

A goiter may accompany hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism,but it need not be present in either condition.​

When the sympathetic system is activated under conditions of fear or stress,it simultaneously triggers a surge of adrenomedullary catecholamine release.