Exam 7: The Peripheral Nervous System - Efferent Division

Cardiac muscle,smooth muscle,most exocrine glands,some endocrine glands,and adipose tissue are innervated by the autonomic nervous system,the involuntary branch of the peripheral efferent division.

Botulinum toxin exerts its lethal blow by blocking the release of what chemical compound?

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

The end-plate potential (EPP)is a graded potential similar to an EPSP,except that an EPP is much larger.

The muscle cell's electrical response is turned off by an enzyme in the motor end-plate membrane called ____________________.

What neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic preganglionic fiber?

Within a neuromuscular junction,the axon terminal splits into multiple fine branches,each of which ends in an enlarged knoblike structure called the ____________________.

What is the most harmful result of prolonged depolarization at cholinergic sites?

Nicotinic receptors are found on the ____________________ cell bodies in all autonomic ganglia.

Figure 7-5 Answer the following questions using the accompanying figure -Which number in the figure represents the release of acetylcholine (ACh)by exocytosis from a portion of the vesicles?

Where do the sympathetic nerve fibers originate?

Figure 7-5 Answer the following questions using the accompanying figure -Which number in the figure represents a local action potential triggering the opening of voltage-gated Ca₂+ channels and the subsequent entry of Ca₂+ into the terminal button?

Within a neuromuscular junction,the axon terminal splits into multiple fine branches,each of which ends in an enlarged knoblike structure called the terminal button.

An action potential in a motor neuron is ____________________ to the terminal button.

Autonomic efferent output regulates ____________________ activities such as circulation and digestion.

Myasthenia gravis is a(n)____________________ condition in which the body erroneously produces antibodies against its motor end-plate ____________________ receptor-channels.

The function of the afferent neuron is to carry information about the external and internal environments to the ____________________.

Each muscle cell connects to how many neuromuscular junctions?​

Motor-neuron axon terminals release ____________________,which brings about excitation and contraction of the innervated muscle cells.

Nicotinic receptors are activated by the tobacco plant derivative nicotine,whereas muscarinic receptors are activated by the mushroom poison muscarine.