Question 1

-A normal BMI (body mass index)for a person who is 6' 1" and weighs 150 pounds would be

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 18.5-20. 
B) approximately 23-24. 
C) approximately 17.5-18.5. 
D) approximately 25-26. 
A) approximately 18.5-20. 
B) approximately 23-24. 
C) approximately 17.5-18.5. 
D) approximately 25-26.

Question 2

The rate of energy consumption by an animal is called

Accepted Answer

A) metabolism. 
B) digestion. 
C) metabolic rate. 
D) glycolysis. 
A) metabolism. 
B) digestion. 
C) metabolic rate. 
D) glycolysis.

Question 3

The essential amino acids

Accepted Answer

A) must be obtained from the food we eat. 
B) are found only in green, leafy vegetables. 
C) are essential as an energy source. 
D) are required for making nucleic acids. 
A) must be obtained from the food we eat. 
B) are found only in green, leafy vegetables. 
C) are essential as an energy source. 
D) are required for making nucleic acids.

Question 4

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database, 2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the data table below and answer the questions that follow.
  
-Which of the following sub-regions has shown the least variation in estimated prevalence (%)of underweight preschool children from the year 1990 to the year 2015?

Accepted Answer

A) Eastern Asia 
B) Caribbean 
C) Northern Africa 
D) Southern Africa 
A) Eastern Asia 
B) Caribbean 
C) Northern Africa 
D) Southern Africa

Question 5

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A) arrow A 
B) arrow B 
C) arrow C 
D) arrow D 
A) arrow A 
B) arrow B 
C) arrow C 
D) arrow D

Question 6

Lions are not always successful hunters and may go days between meals. What evolutionary adaptation helps the lion survive periods of famine?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of a two-chambered stomach 
B) an extended cecum 
C) an expandable stomach 
D) a rich microbial flora in the colon 
A) formation of a two-chambered stomach 
B) an extended cecum 
C) an expandable stomach 
D) a rich microbial flora in the colon

Question 7

To reduce the risk of cancer, it has been suggested that a diet high in ________ is beneficial.

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin E 
B) bacon 
C) red meat 
D) antioxidants 
A) vitamin E 
B) bacon 
C) red meat 
D) antioxidants

Question 8

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Offering nutritious lunches in public schools is a popular health topic. School lunches have had to meet new nutrition standards since the fall of 2012. In 2013, the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) reviewed data from the 2005 School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment to investigate whether students in schools that were already following the new standards (school group A) and that therefore offered more fruits and vegetables than other schools (school group B) actually ate more of them.
-Finding #1: If schools offered greater amounts of fruits and vegetables, then more students ate them. However, many students in both schools did not did not eat any fruits and vegetables. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but simply offering more may not be the only solution to bettering child lunch nutrition. 
B) a lower amount of fruits and vegetables should be offered to students in both school group A and school group B. 
C) offering more fruits and vegetables decreases the chances that students in school group B will eat them but increases the chances that students in school group A will eat them. 
D) offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but only if they have all essential vitamins and minerals. 
A) offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but simply offering more may not be the only solution to bettering child lunch nutrition. 
B) a lower amount of fruits and vegetables should be offered to students in both school group A and school group B. 
C) offering more fruits and vegetables decreases the chances that students in school group B will eat them but increases the chances that students in school group A will eat them. 
D) offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but only if they have all essential vitamins and minerals.

Question 9

Metabolic activities that involve "burning" carbohydrates release energy. When our bodies "burn" carbohydrates, what are we doing?

Accepted Answer

A) transferring some energy from the carbohydrate molecule to other molecules and releasing lower energy food molecules into the alimentary canal 
B) breaking down food molecules into smaller molecules such as simple sugars that have more energy than the original food molecule and can be used in the cell more easily 
C) transferring energy from the bonds in food molecules to molecules that make that energy more readily available (like ATP)and releasing simple low-energy molecules (like CO₂ and H₂O)to the environment 
D) breaking down carbohydrate molecules to smaller components that are then used to build larger molecules that the body needs 
A) transferring some energy from the carbohydrate molecule to other molecules and releasing lower energy food molecules into the alimentary canal 
B) breaking down food molecules into smaller molecules such as simple sugars that have more energy than the original food molecule and can be used in the cell more easily 
C) transferring energy from the bonds in food molecules to molecules that make that energy more readily available (like ATP)and releasing simple low-energy molecules (like CO₂ and H₂O)to the environment 
D) breaking down carbohydrate molecules to smaller components that are then used to build larger molecules that the body needs

Question 10

Epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that increase the rate of nutrient absorption. These projections are called

Accepted Answer

A) villi. 
B) cilia. 
C) microvilli. 
D) parietal cells. 
A) villi. 
B) cilia. 
C) microvilli. 
D) parietal cells.

Question 11

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Fred is a 24-year-old college student whose father was just diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Since he knows that these problems often run in families, Fred has asked his doctor to recommend a plan so that he can minimize his risk of developing similar problems. The following are a few of the doctor's recommendations: quit smoking, exercise for at least 30 minutes per day, reduce saturated fats and trans fats in his diet, and increase the number of fruits and vegetables in his diet.
-Fred explained to his family how the doctor's advice would help prevent cardiovascular disease, but he made a mistake in his explanation. Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A diet high in saturated fats is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. 
B) A diet high in saturated fats tends to increase LDL levels. 
C) Exercise increases the body's production of LDL. 
D) Smoking will increase the body's production of LDL. 
A) A diet high in saturated fats is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. 
B) A diet high in saturated fats tends to increase LDL levels. 
C) Exercise increases the body's production of LDL. 
D) Smoking will increase the body's production of LDL.

Question 12

During which of the following stages of food processing is undigested material removed from the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A) absorption 
B) elimination 
C) digestion 
D) ingestion 
A) absorption 
B) elimination 
C) digestion 
D) ingestion

Question 13

The epiglottis is a

Accepted Answer

A) muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing. 
B) muscle that moves the trachea out of line with the pharynx during swallowing. 
C) flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing. 
D) muscle sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing. 
A) muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing. 
B) muscle that moves the trachea out of line with the pharynx during swallowing. 
C) flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing. 
D) muscle sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing.

Question 14

According to the figure above, which amino acid is found in corn but not in beans?

Accepted Answer

A) methionine 
B) valine 
C) threonine 
D) lysine 
A) methionine 
B) valine 
C) threonine 
D) lysine

Question 15

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Offering nutritious lunches in public schools is a popular health topic. School lunches have had to meet new nutrition standards since the fall of 2012. In 2013, the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) reviewed data from the 2005 School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment to investigate whether students in schools that were already following the new standards (school group A) and that therefore offered more fruits and vegetables than other schools (school group B) actually ate more of them.
-Finding #2: An unexpected finding was that if students came from economically poor homes or homes that did not have adequate food, they did not have greater fruit and vegetable consumption in school. What hypothesis were the researchers likely testing that produced this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) Students who come from families with high incomes are more likely to eat greater amounts of fruits and vegetables than students from families with low incomes. 
B) Students who come from families with adequate access to fruits and vegetables are more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with low access to fruits and vegetables. 
C) Students who have families with their own gardens will be less likely to eat greater amounts of fruits and vegetables. 
D) Students who lack a high family income or who have low access to fruits and vegetables are more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with a moderate income or who have adequate access to fruits and vegetables. 
A) Students who come from families with high incomes are more likely to eat greater amounts of fruits and vegetables than students from families with low incomes. 
B) Students who come from families with adequate access to fruits and vegetables are more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with low access to fruits and vegetables. 
C) Students who have families with their own gardens will be less likely to eat greater amounts of fruits and vegetables. 
D) Students who lack a high family income or who have low access to fruits and vegetables are more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with a moderate income or who have adequate access to fruits and vegetables.

Question 16

The tongue does all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) taste food. 
B) shape food into a ball called a bolus. 
C) secrete saliva. 
D) push food into the pharynx. 
A) taste food. 
B) shape food into a ball called a bolus. 
C) secrete saliva. 
D) push food into the pharynx.

Question 17

Human saliva performs all of the following functions except

Accepted Answer

A) neutralizing food acids. 
B) controlling bacterial populations. 
C) hydrolyzing starch. 
D) hydrolyzing proteins. 
A) neutralizing food acids. 
B) controlling bacterial populations. 
C) hydrolyzing starch. 
D) hydrolyzing proteins.

Question 18

Pica is a disorder that is characterized by a desire to consume dirt or clay, both of which contain iron. Pica can be associated with an iron deficiency that may cause

Accepted Answer

A) muscle cramps. 
B) tooth decay. 
C) anemia. 
D) paralysis. 
A) muscle cramps. 
B) tooth decay. 
C) anemia. 
D) paralysis.

Question 19

An alimentary canal is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the compartment in which an animal temporarily stores its food. 
B) a digestive cavity in which food is churned and mixed. 
C) a tube-shaped compartment for the transport, digestion, and absorption of food. 
D) an organ designed for regulation of food passage. 
A) the compartment in which an animal temporarily stores its food. 
B) a digestive cavity in which food is churned and mixed. 
C) a tube-shaped compartment for the transport, digestion, and absorption of food. 
D) an organ designed for regulation of food passage.

Question 20

The main function of an earthworm's gizzard is to

Accepted Answer

A) moisten food. 
B) store food. 
C) absorb food. 
D) grind food. 
A) moisten food. 
B) store food. 
C) absorb food. 
D) grind food.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion

-A normal BMI (body mass index)for a person who is 6' 1" and weighs 150 pounds would be

The rate of energy consumption by an animal is called

The essential amino acids

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the pancreas?

Lions are not always successful hunters and may go days between meals. What evolutionary adaptation helps the lion survive periods of famine?

To reduce the risk of cancer, it has been suggested that a diet high in ________ is beneficial.

Metabolic activities that involve "burning" carbohydrates release energy. When our bodies "burn" carbohydrates, what are we doing?

Epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that increase the rate of nutrient absorption. These projections are called

During which of the following stages of food processing is undigested material removed from the digestive tract?

The epiglottis is a

According to the figure above, which amino acid is found in corn but not in beans?

The tongue does all of the following except

Human saliva performs all of the following functions except

Pica is a disorder that is characterized by a desire to consume dirt or clay, both of which contain iron. Pica can be associated with an iron deficiency that may cause

An alimentary canal is best defined as

The main function of an earthworm's gizzard is to

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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