Question 1

Which of the following is an effect of interleukin-2?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating helper T cells to divide 
B) stimulating mast cells to release histamine 
C) stimulating antigen-presenting cells 
D) modulating macrophage phagocytosis 
A) stimulating helper T cells to divide 
B) stimulating mast cells to release histamine 
C) stimulating antigen-presenting cells 
D) modulating macrophage phagocytosis A

Question 2

In May 2013, a drug-resistant strain of H7N9 bird flu was discovered in China. The implication(s)of a drug-resistant virus strain is(are)

Accepted Answer

A) that it will be difficult to eradicate. 
B) that it could proliferate quickly. 
C) that it should be studied carefully. 
D) all of the above. 
A) that it will be difficult to eradicate. 
B) that it could proliferate quickly. 
C) that it should be studied carefully. 
D) all of the above. D

Question 3

Natural killer cells

Accepted Answer

A) are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms. 
B) attack virus-infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death. 
C) tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies. 
D) "eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies. 
A) are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms. 
B) attack virus-infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death. 
C) tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies. 
D) "eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies. B

Question 4

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Consider the following statement from the textbook: "Scientists hypothesize that higher anti-HPV antibody levels provide greater protection from HPV-related cancers compared to lower levels, but they don't yet have strong evidence to support this hypothesis."
-Suppose you design a study to test this hypothesis. Your study participants are adults between the ages of 25 and 40 (mean age = 32). From the following choices, select the groups of individuals who would make the best participants for the control group in your study.

Accepted Answer

A) a group of 100 vaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult females 
B) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult males 
C) a group of 50 vaccinated adult males and a group of 150 vaccinated adult females 
D) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 unvaccinated adult females 
A) a group of 100 vaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult females 
B) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult males 
C) a group of 50 vaccinated adult males and a group of 150 vaccinated adult females 
D) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 unvaccinated adult females

Question 5

Which of the following are found in the interstitial fluid and consume any bacteria and virus-infected cells they encounter?

Accepted Answer

A) erythrocytes 
B) leukocytes 
C) macrophages 
D) interferons 
A) erythrocytes 
B) leukocytes 
C) macrophages 
D) interferons

Question 6

Virus-infected cells produce ________, proteins that help neighboring cells fight further viral infections.

Accepted Answer

A) lysozymes 
B) interferons 
C) histamines 
D) interleukin-2 
A) lysozymes 
B) interferons 
C) histamines 
D) interleukin-2

Question 7

Antibodies are

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) lipids. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) proteins. 
A) amino acids. 
B) lipids. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) proteins.

Question 8

The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because

Accepted Answer

A) lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection. 
B) stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make. 
C) the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to respond to a different antigen. 
D) stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism. 
A) lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection. 
B) stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make. 
C) the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to respond to a different antigen. 
D) stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism.

Question 9

HIV is a virus that is particularly difficult to eradicate

Accepted Answer

A) because of its DNA genome. 
B) because it rarely mutates. 
C) because it mutates to produce new drug-resistant strains. 
D) due to its small size. 
A) because of its DNA genome. 
B) because it rarely mutates. 
C) because it mutates to produce new drug-resistant strains. 
D) due to its small size.

Question 10

Clonal selection

Accepted Answer

A) determines the pool of mature leukocytes that will be stimulated by macrophages. 
B) requires the activation of natural killer cells. 
C) describes the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes after they have been activated by an antigen. 
D) requires the presence and activation of complement. 
A) determines the pool of mature leukocytes that will be stimulated by macrophages. 
B) requires the activation of natural killer cells. 
C) describes the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes after they have been activated by an antigen. 
D) requires the presence and activation of complement.

Question 11

Where is the antigen-binding site of this antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) site A 
B) site B 
C) site C 
D) site D 
A) site A 
B) site B 
C) site C 
D) site D

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the humoral immune response is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The humoral immune response defends against bacteria and viruses by activating T cells. 
B) The humoral immune response defends primarily against bacteria and viruses present in body fluids. 
C) The humoral immune response plays a major role in protecting the body from cancerous cells. 
D) The humoral immune response is the result of macrophages producing antibodies. 
A) The humoral immune response defends against bacteria and viruses by activating T cells. 
B) The humoral immune response defends primarily against bacteria and viruses present in body fluids. 
C) The humoral immune response plays a major role in protecting the body from cancerous cells. 
D) The humoral immune response is the result of macrophages producing antibodies.

Question 13

Complement proteins can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) enhance phagocytosis by innate immune cells by attaching to cell invaders. 
B) help trigger the inflammatory response. 
C) attack cancer and virus-infected cells after they are released by natural killer cells. 
D) act as chemical signals to recruit more immune cells to the site of infection. 
A) enhance phagocytosis by innate immune cells by attaching to cell invaders. 
B) help trigger the inflammatory response. 
C) attack cancer and virus-infected cells after they are released by natural killer cells. 
D) act as chemical signals to recruit more immune cells to the site of infection.

Question 14

Which of the following describes a complete defense system?

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and interferons 
B) antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and components of innate immunity 
C) phagocytosis only 
D) complement system only 
A) antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and interferons 
B) antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and components of innate immunity 
C) phagocytosis only 
D) complement system only

Question 15

You have been running a high fever, have stomach cramps, and have felt weak and disoriented for five days, so you set up an appointment with your physician. After asking you a few questions, she starts a physical examination by probing for swollen areas in your abdomen. You immediately sense that she is looking for

Accepted Answer

A) lymph nodes. 
B) histamines. 
C) antibodies. 
D) antigens. 
A) lymph nodes. 
B) histamines. 
C) antibodies. 
D) antigens.

Question 16

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
To protect U.S. soldiers serving overseas, each soldier receives vaccinations against several diseases, including smallpox, before deployment. Following intelligence about an imminent smallpox threat in Iraq, the U.S. Army wants to ensure that soldiers stationed there are fully protected from exposure to the disease, so all the soldiers in the threat zone are given a second vaccination against smallpox.
-The first vaccination provides immunity because

Accepted Answer

A) a localized inflammatory response is initiated. 
B) the vaccine contains manufactured antibodies against smallpox. 
C) antigenic determinants in the vaccine activate B cells, which form plasma cells as well as memory cells. 
D) the vaccine contains antibiotics and other drugs that kill the smallpox virus. 
A) a localized inflammatory response is initiated. 
B) the vaccine contains manufactured antibodies against smallpox. 
C) antigenic determinants in the vaccine activate B cells, which form plasma cells as well as memory cells. 
D) the vaccine contains antibiotics and other drugs that kill the smallpox virus.

Question 17

The secondary immune response occurs when memory cells are activated by a second exposure to

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) antibodies. 
C) antigens. 
D) plasma cells. 
A) hormones. 
B) antibodies. 
C) antigens. 
D) plasma cells.

Question 18

After binding to an infected cell, the cytotoxic T cell

Accepted Answer

A) releases interleukin-1. 
B) becomes a phagocytic cell. 
C) neutralizes the infecting bacteria or viruses. 
D) releases a protein called perforin. 
A) releases interleukin-1. 
B) becomes a phagocytic cell. 
C) neutralizes the infecting bacteria or viruses. 
D) releases a protein called perforin.

Question 19

When you cut yourself, the damaged cells immediately release chemical alarm signals, such as

Accepted Answer

A) interferon. 
B) complement. 
C) histamine. 
D) antihistamine. 
A) interferon. 
B) complement. 
C) histamine. 
D) antihistamine.

Question 20

Which of the following diseases is thought to be an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A) cancer of the bone marrow 
B) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 
C) measles and mumps 
D) duodenal ulcer 
A) cancer of the bone marrow 
B) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 
C) measles and mumps 
D) duodenal ulcer

Exam 24: the Immune System

Which of the following is an effect of interleukin-2?

In May 2013, a drug-resistant strain of H7N9 bird flu was discovered in China. The implication(s)of a drug-resistant virus strain is(are)

Natural killer cells

Which of the following are found in the interstitial fluid and consume any bacteria and virus-infected cells they encounter?

Virus-infected cells produce ________, proteins that help neighboring cells fight further viral infections.

Antibodies are

The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because

HIV is a virus that is particularly difficult to eradicate

Clonal selection

Where is the antigen-binding site of this antibody?

Which of the following statements about the humoral immune response is true?

Complement proteins can do all of the following except

Which of the following describes a complete defense system?

The secondary immune response occurs when memory cells are activated by a second exposure to

After binding to an infected cell, the cytotoxic T cell

When you cut yourself, the damaged cells immediately release chemical alarm signals, such as

Which of the following diseases is thought to be an autoimmune disease?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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