Question 1

The basic function of activated T cells is to battle

Accepted Answer

A) pathogens in blood or lymph. 
B) pathogens in interstitial fluid. 
C) pathogens that have already entered body cells. 
D) chemical mediators of immunity. 
A) pathogens in blood or lymph. 
B) pathogens in interstitial fluid. 
C) pathogens that have already entered body cells. 
D) chemical mediators of immunity.

Question 2

Because cytotoxic T cells can recognize viral proteins, they can destroy these infected cells. This is particularly important to individuals with certain kinds of cancers because

Accepted Answer

A) destroying the infected cells can help slow the spread of the infected cells. 
B) destroying the infected cells can help stop the spread of the infected cells. 
C) destroying the infected cells will help prevent future infections of other viruses. 
D) both A and B. 
A) destroying the infected cells can help slow the spread of the infected cells. 
B) destroying the infected cells can help stop the spread of the infected cells. 
C) destroying the infected cells will help prevent future infections of other viruses. 
D) both A and B.

Question 3

When mothers transmit IgG to their developing child during gestation, such as in the case of a tetanus antibody, the mothers are providing a form of _________ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) nonspecific 
B) passive 
C) humoral 
D) active 
A) nonspecific 
B) passive 
C) humoral 
D) active

Question 4

The human lymphatic system consists of all of the following structures except the

Accepted Answer

A) thymus. 
B) tonsils. 
C) spleen. 
D) pancreas. 
A) thymus. 
B) tonsils. 
C) spleen. 
D) pancreas.

Question 5

The two main functions of the lymphatic system are

Accepted Answer

A) coagulating blood and fighting infections. 
B) producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood. 
C) producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections. 
D) returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections. 
A) coagulating blood and fighting infections. 
B) producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood. 
C) producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections. 
D) returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections.

Question 6

Spring has arrived, and you notice your neighbors are cutting their grass. When you walk outside to check if your mail has arrived, your eyes begin to water and feel itchy. You are more than likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) an overreaction to pollen. 
B) a reaction due to an autoimmune disease. 
C) a pollen allergy. 
D) both A and C. 
A) an overreaction to pollen. 
B) a reaction due to an autoimmune disease. 
C) a pollen allergy. 
D) both A and C.

Question 7

Most _________ are located at specific areas where bacteria microbes tend to attack so that they can readily engulf and destroy the invading bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) erythrocytes 
B) leukocytes 
C) macrophages 
D) interferons 
A) erythrocytes 
B) leukocytes 
C) macrophages 
D) interferons

Question 8

Enzymes are to active sites as

Accepted Answer

A) antigenic binding sites are to antigenic determinants. 
B) viruses are to antigens. 
C) antigens are to epitopes. 
D) antigenic determinants are to epitopes. 
A) antigenic binding sites are to antigenic determinants. 
B) viruses are to antigens. 
C) antigens are to epitopes. 
D) antigenic determinants are to epitopes.

Question 9

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells 
B) B cells 
C) leukocytes 
D) red blood cells 
A) T cells 
B) B cells 
C) leukocytes 
D) red blood cells

Question 10

While hiking, you must push aside thick branches that are near your face. One of them rips the skin on your arm and you begin to bleed from the cut. Which of the following plays an important role in initially protecting you from infection?

Accepted Answer

A) nonspecific antibodies 
B) barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus because they are part of the innate immune system 
C) increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation 
D) memory cells because they are part of the adaptive immune system 
A) nonspecific antibodies 
B) barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus because they are part of the innate immune system 
C) increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation 
D) memory cells because they are part of the adaptive immune system

Question 11

What type of immune response is always disadvantageous to a person?

Accepted Answer

A) inflammatory 
B) humoral 
C) autoimmune 
D) complement-mediated 
A) inflammatory 
B) humoral 
C) autoimmune 
D) complement-mediated

Question 12

Bacterial infections can cause a serious, potentially fatal systemic inflammatory response called

Accepted Answer

A) anaphylaxis. 
B) pelvic inflammatory disease. 
C) septic shock. 
D) pneumonia. 
A) anaphylaxis. 
B) pelvic inflammatory disease. 
C) septic shock. 
D) pneumonia.

Question 13

Antibody molecules may function by causing the

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of complement proteins. 
B) agglutination of viruses or bacteria. 
C) solubilization of viruses or bacteria. 
D) crystallization of antigenic particles. 
A) destruction of complement proteins. 
B) agglutination of viruses or bacteria. 
C) solubilization of viruses or bacteria. 
D) crystallization of antigenic particles.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding antigens and antibodies is false?

Accepted Answer

A) An antibody usually recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant. 
B) A single antigen may stimulate the immune system to make several distinct antibodies to it. 
C) Most antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides on the surfaces of viruses or foreign cells. 
D) Each antibody has only one antigen-binding site. 
A) An antibody usually recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant. 
B) A single antigen may stimulate the immune system to make several distinct antibodies to it. 
C) Most antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides on the surfaces of viruses or foreign cells. 
D) Each antibody has only one antigen-binding site.

Question 15

-Suppose you conduct the study and obtain the results graphed above. What can you conclude about the correlation between anti-HPV antibody levels and incidence of HPV-related cancers?

Accepted Answer

A) As antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently increases. 
B) As antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently decreases. 
C) An antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently stays the same. 
D) There is no consistent correlation between anti-HPV antibody levels and the incidence of HPV-related cancers. 
A) As antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently increases. 
B) As antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently decreases. 
C) An antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently stays the same. 
D) There is no consistent correlation between anti-HPV antibody levels and the incidence of HPV-related cancers.

Question 16

Innate defenses are described in the text as "always standing by, ready to be used in their current form." Which of the following are examples of innate immunity? 1. stomach pH
2) natural killer cells
3) B lymphocytes
4) fever

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 3, 4 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 3, 4 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 17

Which of the following statements about HIV is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The genome of HIV consists of RNA. 
B) HIV attacks mast cells. 
C) HIV replicates inside helper T cells. 
D) Some drugs have proven effective in combating the spread of HIV from mothers to their children. 
A) The genome of HIV consists of RNA. 
B) HIV attacks mast cells. 
C) HIV replicates inside helper T cells. 
D) Some drugs have proven effective in combating the spread of HIV from mothers to their children.

Question 18

Which part of this figure shows a clone of memory cells?

Accepted Answer

A) part A 
B) part B 
C) part C 
D) part D 
A) part A 
B) part B 
C) part C 
D) part D

Question 19

Bronchitis can be easily acquired by individuals with immunodeficiency disorders. In these situations, bronchitis is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a virus. 
B) an opportunistic infection. 
C) adaptive immunity. 
D) an autoimmune disorder. 
A) a virus. 
B) an opportunistic infection. 
C) adaptive immunity. 
D) an autoimmune disorder.

Question 20

The body's innate defenses against infection include

Accepted Answer

A) several specific antibodies. 
B) barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus. 
C) increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation. 
D) memory cells. 
A) several specific antibodies. 
B) barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus. 
C) increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation. 
D) memory cells.

Exam 24: the Immune System

The basic function of activated T cells is to battle

Because cytotoxic T cells can recognize viral proteins, they can destroy these infected cells. This is particularly important to individuals with certain kinds of cancers because

When mothers transmit IgG to their developing child during gestation, such as in the case of a tetanus antibody, the mothers are providing a form of _________ immunity.

The human lymphatic system consists of all of the following structures except the

The two main functions of the lymphatic system are

Spring has arrived, and you notice your neighbors are cutting their grass. When you walk outside to check if your mail has arrived, your eyes begin to water and feel itchy. You are more than likely experiencing

Most _________ are located at specific areas where bacteria microbes tend to attack so that they can readily engulf and destroy the invading bacteria.

Enzymes are to active sites as

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the cell-mediated immune response?

While hiking, you must push aside thick branches that are near your face. One of them rips the skin on your arm and you begin to bleed from the cut. Which of the following plays an important role in initially protecting you from infection?

What type of immune response is always disadvantageous to a person?

Bacterial infections can cause a serious, potentially fatal systemic inflammatory response called

Antibody molecules may function by causing the

Which of the following statements regarding antigens and antibodies is false?

-Suppose you conduct the study and obtain the results graphed above. What can you conclude about the correlation between anti-HPV antibody levels and incidence of HPV-related cancers?

Innate defenses are described in the text as "always standing by, ready to be used in their current form." Which of the following are examples of innate immunity? 1. stomach pH 2) natural killer cells 3) B lymphocytes 4) fever

Which of the following statements about HIV is false?

Which part of this figure shows a clone of memory cells?

Bronchitis can be easily acquired by individuals with immunodeficiency disorders. In these situations, bronchitis is an example of

The body's innate defenses against infection include

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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