Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding animal digestive systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A) We expect that an herbivore will have a longer alimentary canal than a carnivore of similar body size. 
B) Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its protein content. 
C) Many herbivorous animals have cellulose-digesting microbes in their colon and cecum. 
D) When cows chew their cud, it helps to soften and break down plant fibers, making these more accessible to digestion by microbes. 
A) We expect that an herbivore will have a longer alimentary canal than a carnivore of similar body size. 
B) Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its protein content. 
C) Many herbivorous animals have cellulose-digesting microbes in their colon and cecum. 
D) When cows chew their cud, it helps to soften and break down plant fibers, making these more accessible to digestion by microbes.

Question 2

Smooth muscle propels food through the alimentary canal by a process called

Accepted Answer

A) ingestion. 
B) diffusion. 
C) active transport. 
D) peristalsis. 
A) ingestion. 
B) diffusion. 
C) active transport. 
D) peristalsis.

Question 3

Organisms suffering from malnutrition may have a diet deficient in

Accepted Answer

A) one or more essential nutrients. 
B) bile and acids needed for digestion. 
C) digestive enzymes. 
D) water. 
A) one or more essential nutrients. 
B) bile and acids needed for digestion. 
C) digestive enzymes. 
D) water.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding vitamins is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are simple inorganic compounds. 
B) They must be ingested in large quantities. 
C) They can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes. 
D) They are major sources of dietary calories. 
A) They are simple inorganic compounds. 
B) They must be ingested in large quantities. 
C) They can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes. 
D) They are major sources of dietary calories.

Question 5

In the digestive system, most nutrient absorption occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) stomach. 
B) pancreas. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine. 
A) stomach. 
B) pancreas. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine.

Question 6

Refer to the figure above. As an adult, if you had to choose only one of these two foods (corn or beans)to provide you with essential amino acids, which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A) corn, because it provides more essential amino acids than beans 
B) beans, because they provide more essential amino acids than corn 
C) Both are choices of the same value because they provide histidine. 
D) corn, because it grows more successfully than beans 
A) corn, because it provides more essential amino acids than beans 
B) beans, because they provide more essential amino acids than corn 
C) Both are choices of the same value because they provide histidine. 
D) corn, because it grows more successfully than beans

Question 7

Xerostomia is the scientific name for "dry mouth." Dry mouth can be a medical concern because chronic dry mouth can lead to dental problems as well as problems tasting, chewing, and swallowing. Dry mouth is likely due to an inadequate production of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) saliva 
B) chyme 
C) amylase 
D) bile 
A) saliva 
B) chyme 
C) amylase 
D) bile

Question 8

The stomach mixes food with secretions of the stomach wall to form

Accepted Answer

A) gastric juice. 
B) a parietal bolus. 
C) gastrin. 
D) chyme. 
A) gastric juice. 
B) a parietal bolus. 
C) gastrin. 
D) chyme.

Question 9

Which of these teeth is an incisor?

Accepted Answer

A) tooth A 
B) tooth B 
C) tooth C 
D) tooth D 
A) tooth A 
B) tooth B 
C) tooth C 
D) tooth D

Question 10

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last contact with food matter?

Accepted Answer

A) pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine 
B) oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 
C) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 
D) oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine 
A) pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine 
B) oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 
C) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 
D) oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

Question 11

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label above for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
-What percentage of the daily value of fat-soluble vitamins is provided by this package of cookies?

Accepted Answer

A) 0% 
B) 2% 
C) 3% 
D) 4% 
A) 0% 
B) 2% 
C) 3% 
D) 4%

Question 12

Regulation of the passage of food from the stomach is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) peristalsis. 
B) nutrient absorption. 
C) sphincters. 
D) the stomach lining. 
A) peristalsis. 
B) nutrient absorption. 
C) sphincters. 
D) the stomach lining.

Question 13

A material that must be ingested in preassembled form because the animal cannot synthesize it is

Accepted Answer

A) an end product. 
B) adenosine triphosphate. 
C) glucose. 
D) an essential nutrient. 
A) an end product. 
B) adenosine triphosphate. 
C) glucose. 
D) an essential nutrient.

Question 14

Which of the following organisms has a gastrovascular cavity?

Accepted Answer

A) hydra 
B) earthworm 
C) clam 
D) bird 
A) hydra 
B) earthworm 
C) clam 
D) bird

Question 15

Which enzyme breaks large polypeptides into smaller polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A) amylase 
B) lipase 
C) lactase 
D) chymotrypsin 
A) amylase 
B) lipase 
C) lactase 
D) chymotrypsin

Question 16

Lack of exercise and activity can be one of several reasons a person might become constipated, or be unable to have regular bowel movements. Which of the four stages of food processing is directly affected in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) ingestion 
B) digestion 
C) absorption 
D) elimination 
A) ingestion 
B) digestion 
C) absorption 
D) elimination

Question 17

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Fred is a 24-year-old college student whose father was just diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Since he knows that these problems often run in families, Fred has asked his doctor to recommend a plan so that he can minimize his risk of developing similar problems. The following are a few of the doctor's recommendations: quit smoking, exercise for at least 30 minutes per day, reduce saturated fats and trans fats in his diet, and increase the number of fruits and vegetables in his diet.
-Which of the following would match his doctor's recommendations?

Accepted Answer

A) Eat fewer foods that contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. 
B) Eat fewer foods that contain antioxidants. 
C) Avoid cooking with olive oil. 
D) Switch to a low-carb diet. 
A) Eat fewer foods that contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. 
B) Eat fewer foods that contain antioxidants. 
C) Avoid cooking with olive oil. 
D) Switch to a low-carb diet.

Question 18

Vegetarians who rely upon a single type of plant food

Accepted Answer

A) may become severely dehydrated. 
B) run the risk of depleting their liver of glycogen. 
C) are soon unable to produce sufficient quantities of bile. 
D) may become protein-deficient. 
A) may become severely dehydrated. 
B) run the risk of depleting their liver of glycogen. 
C) are soon unable to produce sufficient quantities of bile. 
D) may become protein-deficient.

Question 19

Through digestion, polysaccharides are broken down into

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) monosaccharides. 
C) glycerols. 
D) amino acids. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) monosaccharides. 
C) glycerols. 
D) amino acids.

Question 20

If a person on a fad diet experiences muscle cramps, a physician would suspect that this individual is likely suffering from a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A) table salt. 
B) iodine. 
C) iron. 
D) calcium. 
A) table salt. 
B) iodine. 
C) iron. 
D) calcium.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion

Which of the following statements regarding animal digestive systems is false?

Smooth muscle propels food through the alimentary canal by a process called

Organisms suffering from malnutrition may have a diet deficient in

Which of the following statements regarding vitamins is true?

In the digestive system, most nutrient absorption occurs in the

Refer to the figure above. As an adult, if you had to choose only one of these two foods (corn or beans)to provide you with essential amino acids, which would you choose?

Xerostomia is the scientific name for "dry mouth." Dry mouth can be a medical concern because chronic dry mouth can lead to dental problems as well as problems tasting, chewing, and swallowing. Dry mouth is likely due to an inadequate production of ________.

The stomach mixes food with secretions of the stomach wall to form

Which of these teeth is an incisor?

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last contact with food matter?

Regulation of the passage of food from the stomach is accomplished by

A material that must be ingested in preassembled form because the animal cannot synthesize it is

Which of the following organisms has a gastrovascular cavity?

Which enzyme breaks large polypeptides into smaller polypeptides?

Lack of exercise and activity can be one of several reasons a person might become constipated, or be unable to have regular bowel movements. Which of the four stages of food processing is directly affected in this situation?

Vegetarians who rely upon a single type of plant food

Through digestion, polysaccharides are broken down into

If a person on a fad diet experiences muscle cramps, a physician would suspect that this individual is likely suffering from a deficiency of

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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