Question 1

About 95% of all modern plant species

Accepted Answer

A) have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle. 
B) have no gametophyte. 
C) have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage. 
D) have flagellated sperm. 
A) have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle. 
B) have no gametophyte. 
C) have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage. 
D) have flagellated sperm.

Question 2

Which type of reproduction is typical in molds?

Accepted Answer

A) sexual reproduction through mating of two diploid parent mycelia 
B) sexual reproduction through fusion of two haploid parent mycelia and subsequent production of haploid spores 
C) asexual reproduction through budding 
D) asexual reproduction through the production of spores 
A) sexual reproduction through mating of two diploid parent mycelia 
B) sexual reproduction through fusion of two haploid parent mycelia and subsequent production of haploid spores 
C) asexual reproduction through budding 
D) asexual reproduction through the production of spores

Question 3

The type of life cycle seen in plants is called

Accepted Answer

A) haploid generations. 
B) gametophyte production. 
C) alternation of generations. 
D) diploid generations. 
A) haploid generations. 
B) gametophyte production. 
C) alternation of generations. 
D) diploid generations.

Question 4

The last common ancestor of animals and fungi was probably ________, like the spores of ________ fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) flagellated; chytrid 
B) flagellated; mold 
C) multicellular; chytrid 
D) nonflagellated; yeast 
A) flagellated; chytrid 
B) flagellated; mold 
C) multicellular; chytrid 
D) nonflagellated; yeast

Question 5

A mushroom

Accepted Answer

A) is composed of many threadlike filaments called mycorrhizae. 
B) is specialized to obtain most of the nutrients for the fungal mycelium. 
C) is an independent stage in the alternation of generations of the fungal life cycle. 
D) is an aboveground reproductive structure connected to a mycelium. 
A) is composed of many threadlike filaments called mycorrhizae. 
B) is specialized to obtain most of the nutrients for the fungal mycelium. 
C) is an independent stage in the alternation of generations of the fungal life cycle. 
D) is an aboveground reproductive structure connected to a mycelium.

Question 6

Fungal diseases common in ________ include ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A) plants; smuts; rusts 
B) animals; smuts; chytrids 
C) plants; ringworm; coccidioidomycosis 
D) humans; rusts; vaginal yeast 
A) plants; smuts; rusts 
B) animals; smuts; chytrids 
C) plants; ringworm; coccidioidomycosis 
D) humans; rusts; vaginal yeast

Question 7

The ________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.

Accepted Answer

A) ovary 
B) carpel 
C) sepals 
D) stigma 
A) ovary 
B) carpel 
C) sepals 
D) stigma

Question 8

Fungi are found associated with the earliest plant fossils. Fungi may have helped plants become terrestrial by

Accepted Answer

A) forming mycorrhizal associations with plants and by decomposing organic matter. 
B) stocking the soil with organic matter. 
C) providing simple organic compounds in return for sugars. 
D) killing the bacterial enemies of plants. 
A) forming mycorrhizal associations with plants and by decomposing organic matter. 
B) stocking the soil with organic matter. 
C) providing simple organic compounds in return for sugars. 
D) killing the bacterial enemies of plants.

Question 9

Gas exchange in most land plants occurs through structures called

Accepted Answer

A) stomata. 
B) apical meristems. 
C) vascular tissue. 
D) cuticles. 
A) stomata. 
B) apical meristems. 
C) vascular tissue. 
D) cuticles.

Question 10

The plant genus Pinus reaches optimal growth when it grows with the fungal genus Suillusis. The ________ of the fungus give Pinus water and mineral nutrients, while Pinus gives the fungus sugars and organic macromolecules. Pinus and Suillusis have a ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) hyphae; symbiotic 
B) spores; symbiotic 
C) chitin; eukaryotic 
D) fruit; endothermic 
A) hyphae; symbiotic 
B) spores; symbiotic 
C) chitin; eukaryotic 
D) fruit; endothermic

Question 11

An experimental forest ecosystem is enclosed in a sealed greenhouse. The entire ecosystem, including the air and soil, is treated with an extremely potent fungicide that kills all fungal life stages including spores. What will probably happen next?

Accepted Answer

A) Tree growth will increase because the dead fungi will act as a fertilizer. 
B) Plants will enjoy a long-term increase in growth and survival because of the removal of fungal pathogens. 
C) Dead organic matter will accumulate on the forest floor; plant growth will decline because of a lack of nutrients and the loss of mycorrhizal partners. 
D) A few animals will go extinct due to loss of their fungal food sources, but otherwise the forest will be largely unchanged. 
A) Tree growth will increase because the dead fungi will act as a fertilizer. 
B) Plants will enjoy a long-term increase in growth and survival because of the removal of fungal pathogens. 
C) Dead organic matter will accumulate on the forest floor; plant growth will decline because of a lack of nutrients and the loss of mycorrhizal partners. 
D) A few animals will go extinct due to loss of their fungal food sources, but otherwise the forest will be largely unchanged.

Question 12

Which of the following options correctly represents the most likely sequence of the evolution of plants, from earliest to most recent?

Accepted Answer

A) bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms 
B) seedless vascular plants, bryophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
C) bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
D) bryophytes, gymnosperms, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms 
A) bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms 
B) seedless vascular plants, bryophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
C) bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms 
D) bryophytes, gymnosperms, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms

Question 13

Heterotrophic eukaryotes that digest their food externally and absorb the small molecules are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria. 
B) fungi. 
C) plants. 
D) multicellular algae. 
A) bacteria. 
B) fungi. 
C) plants. 
D) multicellular algae.

Question 14

Plants dependent on nocturnal (night-flying)pollinators typically have flowers that

Accepted Answer

A) absorb UV light. 
B) are small. 
C) are large, light-colored, and highly scented. 
D) are located close to the ground and smell of rotting flesh. 
A) absorb UV light. 
B) are small. 
C) are large, light-colored, and highly scented. 
D) are located close to the ground and smell of rotting flesh.

Question 15

Mosses belong to the group of plants known as the

Accepted Answer

A) angiosperms. 
B) gymnosperms. 
C) bryophytes. 
D) vascular plants. 
A) angiosperms. 
B) gymnosperms. 
C) bryophytes. 
D) vascular plants.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems. 
B) Fungi can only break down plant material. 
C) The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi. 
D) The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus. 
A) Fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems. 
B) Fungi can only break down plant material. 
C) The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to fungi. 
D) The first antibiotic discovered came from a fungus.

Question 17

After reading the statement below, answer the questions that follow.
A leaf with a higher density of stomata can take up more CO₂ and release more water than a leaf with a lower density of stomata.
-The stomata found on fossil plants can be a reliable way to measure past carbon dioxide levels. Normally, fossil plants with high density of stomata indicate ________ carbon dioxide levels and fossil plants with only a few stomata indicate ________ carbon dioxide levels.

Accepted Answer

A) low; high 
B) high; high 
C) low; low 
D) high; low 
A) low; high 
B) high; high 
C) low; low 
D) high; low

Question 18

The loss of plant biodiversity, including the wild relatives of crop species, is harmful because these wild relatives

Accepted Answer

A) feed most of the world's population. 
B) may be suitable for domestication and regional production. 
C) are often tastier than existing crops. 
D) are a source of genetic diversity that could be used to modify or bolster existing crops. 
A) feed most of the world's population. 
B) may be suitable for domestication and regional production. 
C) are often tastier than existing crops. 
D) are a source of genetic diversity that could be used to modify or bolster existing crops.

Question 19

Which of the following features would you expect to see in the flowers of wind-pollinated grasses?

Accepted Answer

A) very large, fragrant, white flowers 
B) petals with UV-absorbing "nectar guides" 
C) very simple flowers that produce massive quantities of pollen 
D) red flowers with long nectar tubes 
A) very large, fragrant, white flowers 
B) petals with UV-absorbing "nectar guides" 
C) very simple flowers that produce massive quantities of pollen 
D) red flowers with long nectar tubes

Question 20

In angiosperms, pollen grains develop in the ________ and land on the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) anther; stigma 
B) stigma; anther 
C) anther; ovary 
D) carpel; stamen 
A) anther; stigma 
B) stigma; anther 
C) anther; ovary 
D) carpel; stamen

Exam 17: The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

About 95% of all modern plant species

Which type of reproduction is typical in molds?

The type of life cycle seen in plants is called

The last common ancestor of animals and fungi was probably ________, like the spores of ________ fungi.

A mushroom

Fungal diseases common in ________ include ________ and ________.

The ________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.

Fungi are found associated with the earliest plant fossils. Fungi may have helped plants become terrestrial by

Gas exchange in most land plants occurs through structures called

The plant genus Pinus reaches optimal growth when it grows with the fungal genus Suillusis. The ________ of the fungus give Pinus water and mineral nutrients, while Pinus gives the fungus sugars and organic macromolecules. Pinus and Suillusis have a ________ relationship.

An experimental forest ecosystem is enclosed in a sealed greenhouse. The entire ecosystem, including the air and soil, is treated with an extremely potent fungicide that kills all fungal life stages including spores. What will probably happen next?

Which of the following options correctly represents the most likely sequence of the evolution of plants, from earliest to most recent?

Heterotrophic eukaryotes that digest their food externally and absorb the small molecules are referred to as

Plants dependent on nocturnal (night-flying)pollinators typically have flowers that

Mosses belong to the group of plants known as the

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is false?

The loss of plant biodiversity, including the wild relatives of crop species, is harmful because these wild relatives

Which of the following features would you expect to see in the flowers of wind-pollinated grasses?

In angiosperms, pollen grains develop in the ________ and land on the ________.

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

The last common ancestor of animals and fungi was probably , like the spores of fungi.

Fungal diseases common in include and .

The plant genus Pinus reaches optimal growth when it grows with the fungal genus Suillusis. The of the fungus give Pinus water and mineral nutrients, while Pinus gives the fungus sugars and organic macromolecules. Pinus and Suillusis have a relationship.

In angiosperms, pollen grains develop in the and land on the .