Question 1

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are

Accepted Answer

A) yeast cells. 
B) 
E)  coli cells. 
C) mammalian cells. 
D) algal cells. 
A) yeast cells. 
B) 
E)  coli cells. 
C) mammalian cells. 
D) algal cells.

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding proteomics is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Proteomics is the study of protein interaction within a cell. 
B) Proteomics involves the complete analysis of the prokaryotes. 
C) Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome. 
D) Proteomics and genomics allow scientists to study life in an ever-increasing reductive approach. 
A) Proteomics is the study of protein interaction within a cell. 
B) Proteomics involves the complete analysis of the prokaryotes. 
C) Proteomics is the systematic study of the full set of proteins encoded by a genome. 
D) Proteomics and genomics allow scientists to study life in an ever-increasing reductive approach.

Question 3

Genome sequence analysis suggests that Neanderthals

Accepted Answer

A) never interbred with humans. 
B) are more closely related to chimpanzees than humans. 
C) at least sometimes had pale skin and red hair. 
D) could not speak. 
A) never interbred with humans. 
B) are more closely related to chimpanzees than humans. 
C) at least sometimes had pale skin and red hair. 
D) could not speak.

Question 4

A vaccine works by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibiting bacterial replication. 
B) stimulating the immune system. 
C) inhibiting viral replication. 
D) preventing the translation of mRNA. 
A) inhibiting bacterial replication. 
B) stimulating the immune system. 
C) inhibiting viral replication. 
D) preventing the translation of mRNA.

Question 5

The production of multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA defines

Accepted Answer

A) gene cloning. 
B) transformation. 
C) DNA technology. 
D) genetic engineering. 
A) gene cloning. 
B) transformation. 
C) DNA technology. 
D) genetic engineering.

Question 6

When genetic variation in one nucleotide is found in at least 1% of the population, it is known as a

Accepted Answer

A) single nucleotide polymorphism. 
B) short tandem repeat. 
C) recombinant DNA molecule. 
D) genomic library. 
A) single nucleotide polymorphism. 
B) short tandem repeat. 
C) recombinant DNA molecule. 
D) genomic library.

Question 7

In order for gene therapy to be permanent in the patient being treated,

Accepted Answer

A) the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells. 
B) the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells. 
C) the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity. 
D) the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply. 
A) the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells. 
B) the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells. 
C) the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity. 
D) the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.

Question 8

Restriction enzymes

Accepted Answer

A) facilitate nucleotide base pairing. 
B) cut DNA at specific sites. 
C) stop transcription and translation. 
D) bind together strands of DNA. 
A) facilitate nucleotide base pairing. 
B) cut DNA at specific sites. 
C) stop transcription and translation. 
D) bind together strands of DNA.

Question 9

Approximately what percentage of the human genome is identical to that of a chimpanzee?

Accepted Answer

A) 50.0% 
B) 62.3% 
C) 92.0% 
D) 98.8% 
A) 50.0% 
B) 62.3% 
C) 92.0% 
D) 98.8%

Question 10

If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, or other organic matter from your body. If you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by ________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.

Accepted Answer

A) PCR 
B) STR analysis 
C) RFLP 
D) restriction digests 
A) PCR 
B) STR analysis 
C) RFLP 
D) restriction digests

Question 11

A nucleic acid probe is

Accepted Answer

A) a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell. 
B) a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. 
C) an enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA. 
D) a plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence. 
A) a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell. 
B) a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. 
C) an enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA. 
D) a plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence.

Question 12

Which of the following genetically modified organisms has not been developed by genetic engineers (at least, not yet)?

Accepted Answer

A) transgenic rice with genes for milk proteins 
B) transgenic salmon with a growth hormone gene that allows them to grow more quickly 
C) transgenic corn with the gene for human insulin 
D) transgenic pigs with a roundworm gene that allows them to make more omega-3 fatty acids 
A) transgenic rice with genes for milk proteins 
B) transgenic salmon with a growth hormone gene that allows them to grow more quickly 
C) transgenic corn with the gene for human insulin 
D) transgenic pigs with a roundworm gene that allows them to make more omega-3 fatty acids

Question 13

Gel electrophoresis is normally set up with the negative electrode at the top of the gel and the positive electrode at the bottom of the gel. The DNA products are loaded at the top of the gel, and then a current is applied to separate them. However, when preparing to run a gel, you accidentally switched the locations of the negative and positive electrodes such that the positive electrode is at the top and the negative electrode is at the bottom. You still loaded the DNA products at the top of the gel as normal. What result are you most likely to observe if you apply an electric current to this gel setup?

Accepted Answer

A) All DNA molecules will migrate up the gel toward the positive electrode. 
B) All DNA molecules will migrate down the gel toward the negative electrode. 
C) Shorter DNA molecules will move up the gel, and longer DNA molecules will move down the gel. 
D) Longer DNA molecules will move up the gel, and shorter DNA molecules will move down the gel. 
A) All DNA molecules will migrate up the gel toward the positive electrode. 
B) All DNA molecules will migrate down the gel toward the negative electrode. 
C) Shorter DNA molecules will move up the gel, and longer DNA molecules will move down the gel. 
D) Longer DNA molecules will move up the gel, and shorter DNA molecules will move down the gel.

Question 14

When cloning a gene, one of the steps is to use restriction enzymes to insert the gene of interest into a vector. If you separated the empty vector (the vector without the gene of interest)and the cloned vector (the vector that has the gene of interest added)using agarose gel electrophoresis, what do you expect to observe on the agarose gel if both vectors are loaded at the same position at the top of the gel?

Accepted Answer

A) The empty vector would migrate farther down than the cloned vector. 
B) The cloned vector would migrate farther down than the cloned vector. 
C) The empty vector would migrate the same distance as the cloned vector. 
D) It is impossible to know without knowing the identity of the gene of interest. 
A) The empty vector would migrate farther down than the cloned vector. 
B) The cloned vector would migrate farther down than the cloned vector. 
C) The empty vector would migrate the same distance as the cloned vector. 
D) It is impossible to know without knowing the identity of the gene of interest.

Question 15

Researchers are trying to make a genetically modified (GM)pig that expresses bovine (cow)growth hormone to make it grow bigger. They isolated the bovine growth hormone gene, cut it and a plasmid with the same restriction enzyme, and mixed them together. They inserted the mixture into pig zygotes, but only normal pigs, not GM pigs, grew. What did they likely do wrong?

Accepted Answer

A) They are trying to make a GM animal, which is impossible. 
B) They forgot to add DNA ligase after mixing the plasmid and gene together. 
C) They should have used different restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid and the gene. 
D) They forgot to use PCR and make multiple copies of the growth hormone gene. 
A) They are trying to make a GM animal, which is impossible. 
B) They forgot to add DNA ligase after mixing the plasmid and gene together. 
C) They should have used different restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid and the gene. 
D) They forgot to use PCR and make multiple copies of the growth hormone gene.

Question 16

What is the smallest number of cells needed to perform a successful DNA profile?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 20 
C) 200 
D) 1,000 
A) 1 
B) 20 
C) 200 
D) 1,000

Question 17

The enzyme that converts information stored in RNA to information stored in DNA is

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase. 
B) reverse transcriptase. 
C) a restriction enzyme. 
D) RNA polymerase. 
A) DNA ligase. 
B) reverse transcriptase. 
C) a restriction enzyme. 
D) RNA polymerase.

Question 18

After DNA fragments with matching sticky ends are temporarily joined by complementary base pairing, the union can be made permanent by the "pasting" enzyme

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase. 
B) DNA polymerase. 
C) DNA helicase. 
D) ATP methylase. 
A) DNA ligase. 
B) DNA polymerase. 
C) DNA helicase. 
D) ATP methylase.

Question 19

Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called

Accepted Answer

A) exons. 
B) plasmids. 
C) transposable elements. 
D) vectors. 
A) exons. 
B) plasmids. 
C) transposable elements. 
D) vectors.

Question 20

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that

Accepted Answer

A) there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin. 
B) human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin. 
C) cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months. 
D) using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin. 
A) there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin. 
B) human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin. 
C) cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months. 
D) using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin.

Exam 12: DNA Technology and Genomics

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are

Which of the following statements regarding proteomics is true?

Genome sequence analysis suggests that Neanderthals

A vaccine works by

The production of multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA defines

When genetic variation in one nucleotide is found in at least 1% of the population, it is known as a

In order for gene therapy to be permanent in the patient being treated,

Restriction enzymes

Approximately what percentage of the human genome is identical to that of a chimpanzee?

A nucleic acid probe is

Which of the following genetically modified organisms has not been developed by genetic engineers (at least, not yet)?

What is the smallest number of cells needed to perform a successful DNA profile?

The enzyme that converts information stored in RNA to information stored in DNA is

After DNA fragments with matching sticky ends are temporarily joined by complementary base pairing, the union can be made permanent by the "pasting" enzyme

Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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