Question 1

Which of the following statements about plant viruses is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Once in a plant, a virus can spread from cell to cell through plasmodesmata. 
B) The genetic material in most plant viruses is RNA. 
C) Preventing infections and breeding resistant plants can control viral infection in plants. 
D) There are many successful ways to rid infected plants of a virus. 
A) Once in a plant, a virus can spread from cell to cell through plasmodesmata. 
B) The genetic material in most plant viruses is RNA. 
C) Preventing infections and breeding resistant plants can control viral infection in plants. 
D) There are many successful ways to rid infected plants of a virus.

Question 2

When a bacterial cell with a chromosome-borne F factor conjugates with another bacterium, how is the transmitted donor DNA incorporated into the recipient's genome?

Accepted Answer

A) It is substituted for the equivalent portion of the recipient's chromosome by the process of crossing over. 
B) It circularizes and becomes one of the recipient cell's plasmids. 
C) The genes on the donor DNA of which the recipient does not have a copy are added to the recipient chromosome; the remainder of the donor DNA is degraded. 
D) The donor and recipient DNA are both chopped into segments by restriction enzymes, and a new, composite chromosome is assembled from the fragments. 
A) It is substituted for the equivalent portion of the recipient's chromosome by the process of crossing over. 
B) It circularizes and becomes one of the recipient cell's plasmids. 
C) The genes on the donor DNA of which the recipient does not have a copy are added to the recipient chromosome; the remainder of the donor DNA is degraded. 
D) The donor and recipient DNA are both chopped into segments by restriction enzymes, and a new, composite chromosome is assembled from the fragments.

Question 3

Normal genes have a promoter followed by a start codon. In a mutant gene, the "A" in the start codon has been deleted. Which of the following is not a possible outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) The normal protein will be produced. 
B) A shorter protein will be produced. 
C) A longer protein will be produced. 
D) No protein will be produced. 
A) The normal protein will be produced. 
B) A shorter protein will be produced. 
C) A longer protein will be produced. 
D) No protein will be produced.

Question 4

DNA replication

Accepted Answer

A) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the parental DNA molecule. 
B) results in the formation of four new DNA strands. 
C) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. 
D) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments. 
A) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the parental DNA molecule. 
B) results in the formation of four new DNA strands. 
C) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. 
D) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments.

Question 5

In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on

Accepted Answer

A) factors. 
B) R plasmids. 
C) transposons. 
D) exons. 
A) factors. 
B) R plasmids. 
C) transposons. 
D) exons.

Question 6

The envelope of a mumps virus

Accepted Answer

A) helps the virus enter the cell. 
B) is coded by host genes. 
C) helps the virus insert its DNA into the host cell genome. 
D) accounts for viral resistance to antibiotics. 
A) helps the virus enter the cell. 
B) is coded by host genes. 
C) helps the virus insert its DNA into the host cell genome. 
D) accounts for viral resistance to antibiotics.

Question 7

The "one gene-one polypeptide" theory states that

Accepted Answer

A) the synthesis of each gene is catalyzed by one specific enzyme. 
B) the synthesis of each enzyme is catalyzed by one specific gene. 
C) the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide. 
D) the function of each polypeptide is to regulate the synthesis of each corresponding gene. 
A) the synthesis of each gene is catalyzed by one specific enzyme. 
B) the synthesis of each enzyme is catalyzed by one specific gene. 
C) the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide. 
D) the function of each polypeptide is to regulate the synthesis of each corresponding gene.

Question 8

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Exposure to the HIV virus doesn't necessarily mean that a person will develop AIDS. Some people have genetic resistance to infection by HIV. Dr. Stephen O'Brien from the U.S. National Cancer Institute has recently identified a mutant form of a gene, called CCR5, that can protect against HIV infection. The mutation probably originated in Europe among survivors of the bubonic plague. The mutated gene prevents the plague bacteria from attaching to cell membranes and, therefore, from entering and infecting body cells.
Although the HIV virus is very different from the bacteria that causes the plague, both diseases affect the exact same cells and use the same method of infection. The presence of the mutated gene in descendants of plague survivors helps prevent them from contracting AIDS. Pharmaceutical companies are using this information as the basis for a new approach to AIDS prevention. This could be very important in areas of the world where the mutation is scarce or absent, such as Africa.
-Which of the following shows the steps of a viral infection in the proper order?

Accepted Answer

A) virus locates host cell → enters nucleus → alters host cell DNA → destroys cell membrane 
B) virus locates host cell → alters host cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus → copies enter host cell nucleus → nucleus leaves cell 
C) virus locates host cell → penetrates cell membrane → enters nucleus → alters host cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus 
D) virus locates host cell → forms hydrogen bonds → changes DNA to RNA→ host cell produces copies of virus 
A) virus locates host cell → enters nucleus → alters host cell DNA → destroys cell membrane 
B) virus locates host cell → alters host cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus → copies enter host cell nucleus → nucleus leaves cell 
C) virus locates host cell → penetrates cell membrane → enters nucleus → alters host cell DNA → host cell produces copies of virus 
D) virus locates host cell → forms hydrogen bonds → changes DNA to RNA→ host cell produces copies of virus

Question 9

Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein 
B) DNA → RNA → protein 
C) protein → RNA → DNA 
D) DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein 
A) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein 
B) DNA → RNA → protein 
C) protein → RNA → DNA 
D) DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of a tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) recognizing the appropriate anticodons in mRNA 
B) transferring nucleotides to rRNA 
C) helping to translate codons into nucleic acids 
D) joining to only one specific type of amino acid 
A) recognizing the appropriate anticodons in mRNA 
B) transferring nucleotides to rRNA 
C) helping to translate codons into nucleic acids 
D) joining to only one specific type of amino acid

Question 11

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

Accepted Answer

A) translation. 
B) transcription. 
C) initiation. 
D) elongation. 
A) translation. 
B) transcription. 
C) initiation. 
D) elongation.

Question 12

How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them?

Accepted Answer

A) by increasing the plants' metabolic rate 
B) by altering the plants' growth 
C) by reducing the plants' seed production 
D) by destroying the root system 
A) by increasing the plants' metabolic rate 
B) by altering the plants' growth 
C) by reducing the plants' seed production 
D) by destroying the root system

Question 13

Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a base substitution mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) The dog did not et. 
B) The dog dog did not eat. 
C) The did dog not eat. 
D) The doe did not eat. 
A) The dog did not et. 
B) The dog dog did not eat. 
C) The did dog not eat. 
D) The doe did not eat.

Question 14

HIV does the greatest damage to

Accepted Answer

A) the adrenal glands. 
B) pancreatic cells. 
C) nervous tissue. 
D) white blood cells. 
A) the adrenal glands. 
B) pancreatic cells. 
C) nervous tissue. 
D) white blood cells.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding viral diseases is false?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA viruses tend to have an unusually high rate of mutation because their RNA genomes cannot be corrected by proofreading. 
B) New viral diseases often emerge when a virus infects a new host species. 
C) Very few new human diseases have originated in other animals because the genetic differences are too great. 
D) AIDS was around for decades before becoming a widespread epidemic. 
A) RNA viruses tend to have an unusually high rate of mutation because their RNA genomes cannot be corrected by proofreading. 
B) New viral diseases often emerge when a virus infects a new host species. 
C) Very few new human diseases have originated in other animals because the genetic differences are too great. 
D) AIDS was around for decades before becoming a widespread epidemic.

Question 16

Using the genetic code below, what protein sequence does the RNA sequence CUAGCUCGAUAUCUC code for?

Accepted Answer

A) Asp - Ala - Arg - Ile- Leu 
B) Val - Arg - Ala - Phe - Stop 
C) Leu - Gly - Tyr - Ala - Leu 
D) Leu - Ala - Arg - Tyr - Leu 
A) Asp - Ala - Arg - Ile- Leu 
B) Val - Arg - Ala - Phe - Stop 
C) Leu - Gly - Tyr - Ala - Leu 
D) Leu - Ala - Arg - Tyr - Leu

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose. 
B) DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil. 
C) One DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure. 
D) DNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone. 
A) DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose. 
B) DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil. 
C) One DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure. 
D) DNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Question 18

Examine the following two DNA sequences. Sequence 1: ATGCGATGCTAGCAT
Sequence 2: ATGCGATGATAGCAT
If both of these sequences code for proteins, how might the function of protein 2 differ from the function of protein 1? Use the genetic code below for assistance.

Accepted Answer

A) Protein 1 and protein 2 will function exactly the same. 
B) Protein 1 will be shorter than protein 2, so they will not function the same. 
C) Protein 2 will be shorter than protein 1, so they will not function the same. 
D) Protein 2 has a different sequence, so it will function differently from protein 1. 
A) Protein 1 and protein 2 will function exactly the same. 
B) Protein 1 will be shorter than protein 2, so they will not function the same. 
C) Protein 2 will be shorter than protein 1, so they will not function the same. 
D) Protein 2 has a different sequence, so it will function differently from protein 1.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of uracil, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. 
B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine. 
C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine. 
D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. 
A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of uracil, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. 
B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine. 
C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine. 
D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

Question 20

A single base mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a protein due to an error in DNA replication. Which of the following outcomes would possibly not occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The mutation results in improved, the same, or diminished protein function. 
B) The mutation results in a longer or shorter protein or a protein of the same length. 
C) The mutation results in a human disease such as sickle-cell disease. 
D) The mutation results in mRNA being made from the protein. 
A) The mutation results in improved, the same, or diminished protein function. 
B) The mutation results in a longer or shorter protein or a protein of the same length. 
C) The mutation results in a human disease such as sickle-cell disease. 
D) The mutation results in mRNA being made from the protein.

Exam 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene

Which of the following statements about plant viruses is false?

When a bacterial cell with a chromosome-borne F factor conjugates with another bacterium, how is the transmitted donor DNA incorporated into the recipient's genome?

Normal genes have a promoter followed by a start codon. In a mutant gene, the "A" in the start codon has been deleted. Which of the following is not a possible outcome?

DNA replication

In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on

The envelope of a mumps virus

The "one gene-one polypeptide" theory states that

Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

Which of the following is a function of a tRNA molecule?

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

How do viroids harm the plants that are infected with them?

Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a base substitution mutation?

HIV does the greatest damage to

Which of the following statements regarding viral diseases is false?

Using the genetic code below, what protein sequence does the RNA sequence CUAGCUCGAUAUCUC code for?

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?

Examine the following two DNA sequences. Sequence 1: ATGCGATGCTAGCAT Sequence 2: ATGCGATGATAGCAT If both of these sequences code for proteins, how might the function of protein 2 differ from the function of protein 1? Use the genetic code below for assistance.

Which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is true?

A single base mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a protein due to an error in DNA replication. Which of the following outcomes would possibly not occur?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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