Exam 30: How Animals Move

Which of the following attaches the forelimbs to the axial skeleton in a human?

The contacting surfaces of a moving joint, such as your hip joint, consist of

A racehorse cannot stand on one leg, but when it runs it rarely has more than one leg on the ground. Why is a running horse more stable than a standing one?

The neurotransmitter found at the synapse between nerves and human skeletal muscle cells is

According to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, a sarcomere contracts when its

Which of the following treatments could possibly help to transform the bone on the right to the bone on the left?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Rickets is a softening of the bones that can lead to frequent fractures and skeletal deformities. The legs of a person with rickets tend to bow outward under the force exerted by body weight and movement. British scientists recently found a serious increase in the incidence of rickets and other bone deficiencies among women in Middle Eastern countries who cover their bodies completely to express a form of religious belief, as well as among their breast-fed children. Most of the body's vitamin D, which is necessary for calcium absorption by bone tissue, is obtained through sunlight acting on the skin. Doctors warn that women who completely cover their skin do not get enough sunlight to produce the vitamin D necessary for bone health. This lack of sun exposure also lowers the level of vitamin D in their breast milk, which means that their children may develop the same vitamin D deficiencies. Lack of calcium and phosphorous, which are needed for bone repair and replacement, can also lead to rickets. Rickets caused by a dietary lack of these minerals is more common in developing countries because dairy products and green vegetables, the best sources of calcium, are not commonly eaten. -As a physician caring for a nursing woman who has chosen to dress in a way that covers her skin but who is concerned about rickets developing in her baby, you might advise her to

An airfoil provides lift because air moving over a wing must travel

Changes occur within a sarcomere during muscle contraction. One change is that the

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. The "Ironman" is a version of the triathlon, a race that includes three events: swimming, bicycling, and running. In an Ironman, an athlete must swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run 26.2 miles, in that order, without a break. The annual Ironman World Championship is held in Hawaii every year. The men's course record was set in 2011 by Australia's Craig Alexander with a time of 8 hours, 18 minutes, and 37 seconds, and the women's course record was set in 2009 by England's Chrissie Wellington with a time of 8 hours, 54 minutes, and 2 seconds. -What type of muscle fibers would likely be found in the legs of athletes who attempt to complete this race?

Functionally, the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction is the

An animal's locomotor muscle was dissected and the percentages of fast and slow fibers were determined and plotted in the figure below. Which of the following muscles is the likely source for this data?

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. When sarcomeres contract, they generate force (tension). However, the amount of force generated depends on the sarcomere length and the amount of thick and thin filament overlap. Below is a figure that details the force-generating properties of a single sarcomere. This figure was modified from a scientific paper by Al Gordon and colleagues from 1966 and is a classic illustration of the relationship between sarcomere length and force. -At what point on the graph are thick and thin filaments most overlapped?

Which part of a bone contains mostly stored fat?

Bone is composed of

A thick filament consists of

Osteoporosis is characterized by

Structurally, a sarcomere is

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. When sarcomeres contract, they generate force (tension). However, the amount of force generated depends on the sarcomere length and the amount of thick and thin filament overlap. Below is a figure that details the force-generating properties of a single sarcomere. This figure was modified from a scientific paper by Al Gordon and colleagues from 1966 and is a classic illustration of the relationship between sarcomere length and force. -At what point on the graph is the most tension generated?

Which of the following animals has an exoskeleton?