Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrons tend to move away from O₂. 
B) O₂ is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. 
C) The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. 
D) O₂ is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water. 
A) Electrons tend to move away from O₂. 
B) O₂ is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. 
C) The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. 
D) O₂ is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.

Question 2

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Most bats are inactive during the day (this is known as torpor) and feed during the night. The graph below shows hypothetical data for a bat species.
  
-Based on this graph, what is the relationship between metabolic rate and body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) When metabolic rate drops, so does body temperature. 
B) When metabolic rate drops, body temperature rises. 
C) When metabolic rate drops, body temperature remains constant. 
D) There is no relationship between metabolic rate and body temperature. 
A) When metabolic rate drops, so does body temperature. 
B) When metabolic rate drops, body temperature rises. 
C) When metabolic rate drops, body temperature remains constant. 
D) There is no relationship between metabolic rate and body temperature.

Question 3

A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, the radioactive carbon will appear first in

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide. 
B) glucose-6-phosphate. 
C) pyruvate. 
D) ATP. 
A) carbon dioxide. 
B) glucose-6-phosphate. 
C) pyruvate. 
D) ATP.

Question 4

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that

Accepted Answer

A) the muscles contain large amounts of lactate following even mild physical exercise. 
B) the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise. 
C) the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. 
D) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate. 
A) the muscles contain large amounts of lactate following even mild physical exercise. 
B) the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise. 
C) the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. 
D) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding food is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that make molecules for cellular repair and growth. 
B) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce molecules that are not actually present in the original food. 
C) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce sugar by a process that is the exact opposite of glycolysis. 
D) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that consume ATP. 
A) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that make molecules for cellular repair and growth. 
B) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce molecules that are not actually present in the original food. 
C) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce sugar by a process that is the exact opposite of glycolysis. 
D) Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that consume ATP.

Question 6

DNP is a chemical that has been used by people to lose weight. However, it is a dangerous option and has caused several people to die. DNP works in a fashion similar to that of brown fat. Based on this information, how would DNP cause weight loss and death?

Accepted Answer

A) DNP must prevent food from being consumed aerobically, so cells instead perform fermentation, and lactate buildup is deadly. 
B) DNP must increase the rate of substrate-level phosphorylation, causing NADH to be produced more quickly than it can be used by the electron transport chain. 
C) DNP must block cells from using fats and proteins to make ATP. 
D) DNP must increase metabolism of food by producing heat instead of ATP. 
A) DNP must prevent food from being consumed aerobically, so cells instead perform fermentation, and lactate buildup is deadly. 
B) DNP must increase the rate of substrate-level phosphorylation, causing NADH to be produced more quickly than it can be used by the electron transport chain. 
C) DNP must block cells from using fats and proteins to make ATP. 
D) DNP must increase metabolism of food by producing heat instead of ATP.

Question 7

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose

Accepted Answer

A) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia. 
B) is used to manufacture glucose. 
C) is released all at once. 
D) is carried by electrons. 
A) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia. 
B) is used to manufacture glucose. 
C) is released all at once. 
D) is carried by electrons.

Question 8

A kilocalorie is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the quantity of glucose needed to increase the body temperature by 1°C. 
B) the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. 
C) the quantity of food used to maintain normal bodily functions. 
D) the quantity of food consumed during a given type of exercise. 
A) the quantity of glucose needed to increase the body temperature by 1°C. 
B) the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. 
C) the quantity of food used to maintain normal bodily functions. 
D) the quantity of food consumed during a given type of exercise.

Question 9

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) ATP. 
D) NADH. 
A) CO₂. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) ATP. 
D) NADH.

Question 10

In yeast cells,

Accepted Answer

A) lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. 
B) lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. 
C) alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. 
D) alcohol is produced after glycolysis. 
A) lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. 
B) lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. 
C) alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. 
D) alcohol is produced after glycolysis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Two molecules of pyruvate are each converted into two-carbon molecules joined to a coenzyme A molecule. 
B) Each pyruvate loses a carbon atom, which is released as CO₂. 
C) Two pyruvate molecules together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original glucose molecule. 
D) Each pyruvate molecule has a CO₂ added and then joins with an NADH. 
A) Two molecules of pyruvate are each converted into two-carbon molecules joined to a coenzyme A molecule. 
B) Each pyruvate loses a carbon atom, which is released as CO₂. 
C) Two pyruvate molecules together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original glucose molecule. 
D) Each pyruvate molecule has a CO₂ added and then joins with an NADH.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the energy yields from cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car engines are at harnessing energy from gasoline. 
B) Cellular respiration converts all of the energy in glucose into high-energy ATP bonds. 
C) Cellular respiration converts the kinetic energy of glucose into chemical energy. 
D) The heat produced during cellular respiration is only a tiny fraction of the chemical energy available in a glucose molecule. 
A) Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car engines are at harnessing energy from gasoline. 
B) Cellular respiration converts all of the energy in glucose into high-energy ATP bonds. 
C) Cellular respiration converts the kinetic energy of glucose into chemical energy. 
D) The heat produced during cellular respiration is only a tiny fraction of the chemical energy available in a glucose molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic respiration 
B) alcoholic fermentation 
C) lactic acid fermentation 
D) All produce approximately the same amount of ATP per molecule of glucose. 
A) aerobic respiration 
B) alcoholic fermentation 
C) lactic acid fermentation 
D) All produce approximately the same amount of ATP per molecule of glucose.

Question 14

Which H⁺ has just passed through the inner mitochondrial membrane by diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ion A 
B) hydrogen ion B 
C) hydrogen ion C 
D) hydrogen ion D 
A) hydrogen ion A 
B) hydrogen ion B 
C) hydrogen ion C 
D) hydrogen ion D

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria. 
B) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts. 
C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts. 
D) Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts. 
A) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria. 
B) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts. 
C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts. 
D) Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

Question 16

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

Accepted Answer

A) the citric acid cycle. 
B) oxidative phosphorylation. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. 
A) the citric acid cycle. 
B) oxidative phosphorylation. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 17

Bacteria that are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen are called

Accepted Answer

A) obligate anaerobes. 
B) obligate aerobes. 
C) facultative anaerobes. 
D) aerotolerant anaerobes. 
A) obligate anaerobes. 
B) obligate aerobes. 
C) facultative anaerobes. 
D) aerotolerant anaerobes.

Question 18

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest

Accepted Answer

A) on the outer membrane. 
B) on the inner membrane. 
C) in the mitochondrial matrix. 
D) in the intermembrane space. 
A) on the outer membrane. 
B) on the inner membrane. 
C) in the mitochondrial matrix. 
D) in the intermembrane space.

Question 19

If ATP accumulates in a cell,

Accepted Answer

A) the cell receives a signal that there is a need for more energy. 
B) feedback inhibition speeds up cellular respiration. 
C) feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration. 
D) the rate of cellular respiration does not change. 
A) the cell receives a signal that there is a need for more energy. 
B) feedback inhibition speeds up cellular respiration. 
C) feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration. 
D) the rate of cellular respiration does not change.

Question 20

Humans use the calories they obtain from ________ as their source of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) food 
B) water 
C) sunlight 
D) minerals 
A) food 
B) water 
C) sunlight 
D) minerals

Exam 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true?

A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, the radioactive carbon will appear first in

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Physicians find that

Which of the following statements regarding food is false?

DNP is a chemical that has been used by people to lose weight. However, it is a dangerous option and has caused several people to die. DNP works in a fashion similar to that of brown fat. Based on this information, how would DNP cause weight loss and death?

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose

A kilocalorie is defined as

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

In yeast cells,

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?

Which of the following statements about the energy yields from cellular respiration is true?

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?

Which H⁺ has just passed through the inner mitochondrial membrane by diffusion?

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

Bacteria that are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen are called

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest

If ATP accumulates in a cell,

Humans use the calories they obtain from ________ as their source of energy.

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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