Question 1

Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Less than 50% of the chemical energy available in glucose is converted to ATP energy. 
B) Most of the ATP derived during aerobic respiration results from oxidative phosphorylation. 
C) Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules. 
D) The total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is about 32. 
A) Less than 50% of the chemical energy available in glucose is converted to ATP energy. 
B) Most of the ATP derived during aerobic respiration results from oxidative phosphorylation. 
C) Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules. 
D) The total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is about 32.

Question 2

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to

Accepted Answer

A) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs. 
B) a canoe going over a waterfall. 
C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time. 
D) a person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump. 
A) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs. 
B) a canoe going over a waterfall. 
C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time. 
D) a person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump.

Question 3

Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________.

Accepted Answer

A) produces ATP; is gas exchange 
B) is gas exchange; produces ATP 
C) produces glucose; produces oxygen 
D) uses glucose; produces glucose 
A) produces ATP; is gas exchange 
B) is gas exchange; produces ATP 
C) produces glucose; produces oxygen 
D) uses glucose; produces glucose

Question 4

During redox reactions,

Accepted Answer

A) the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction. 
B) a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized. 
C) electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance. 
D) protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule. 
A) the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction. 
B) a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized. 
C) electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance. 
D) protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.

Question 5

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because

Accepted Answer

A) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration. 
B) high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies. 
C) they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. 
D) they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated. 
A) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration. 
B) high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies. 
C) they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. 
D) they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated.

Question 6

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H⁺, which allows H⁺ to leak from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. This effect leads to weight loss.
-Fat Away prevents ATP from being made by

Accepted Answer

A) destroying the H⁺ gradient that allows ATP synthase to work. 
B) preventing glycolysis from occurring. 
C) preventing the conversion of NADH to NAD⁺. 
D) slowing down the citric acid cycle. 
A) destroying the H⁺ gradient that allows ATP synthase to work. 
B) preventing glycolysis from occurring. 
C) preventing the conversion of NADH to NAD⁺. 
D) slowing down the citric acid cycle.

Question 7

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

Accepted Answer

A) lost in the form of heat. 
B) used to create light. 
C) destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. 
D) saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO₂ and O₂. 
A) lost in the form of heat. 
B) used to create light. 
C) destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. 
D) saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO₂ and O₂.

Question 8

Marathon runners are long-distance runners (marathons are races that are 26.2 miles long). Studies have shown that the muscles of marathon runners contain an abundance of slow-twitch fibers. Which of the following statements about these fibers is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Slow-twitch fibers have lots of mitochondria to make ATP aerobically. 
B) Slow-twitch fibers have lots of mitochondria to make ATP through fermentation. 
C) Slow-twitch fibers have few mitochondria and make ATP aerobically. 
D) Slow-twitch fibers have few mitochondria and make ATP through fermentation. 
A) Slow-twitch fibers have lots of mitochondria to make ATP aerobically. 
B) Slow-twitch fibers have lots of mitochondria to make ATP through fermentation. 
C) Slow-twitch fibers have few mitochondria and make ATP aerobically. 
D) Slow-twitch fibers have few mitochondria and make ATP through fermentation.

Question 9

Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) citric acid cycle 
C) electron transport chain 
D) ATP synthase 
A) glycolysis 
B) citric acid cycle 
C) electron transport chain 
D) ATP synthase

Question 10

NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient?

Accepted Answer

A) They would increase energy by creating more FADH₂. 
B) They would decrease the rate of glycolysis. 
C) They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain. 
D) They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation. 
A) They would increase energy by creating more FADH₂. 
B) They would decrease the rate of glycolysis. 
C) They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain. 
D) They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation.

Question 11

A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in

Accepted Answer

A) NADH. 
B) citrate. 
C) oxaloacetate. 
D) CO₂. 
A) NADH. 
B) citrate. 
C) oxaloacetate. 
D) CO₂.

Question 12

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

Accepted Answer

A) an oxygen atom. 
B) a molecule of carbon dioxide. 
C) a molecule of water. 
D) ADP. 
A) an oxygen atom. 
B) a molecule of carbon dioxide. 
C) a molecule of water. 
D) ADP.

Question 13

The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend upon

Accepted Answer

A) whether the NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to NAD⁺ or FAD. 
B) the supply of oxygen. 
C) the supply of carbon dioxide. 
D) whether some of the energy of the H⁺ gradient is used for work other than ATP production. 
A) whether the NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to NAD⁺ or FAD. 
B) the supply of oxygen. 
C) the supply of carbon dioxide. 
D) whether some of the energy of the H⁺ gradient is used for work other than ATP production.

Question 14

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Most bats are inactive during the day (this is known as torpor) and feed during the night. The graph below shows hypothetical data for a bat species.
  
-Bats contain brown fat between their shoulder blades. How could this brown fat be an adaptation to torpor?

Accepted Answer

A) Brown fat has many mitochondria, so it can produce more ATP. 
B) Brown fat can produce heat and ATP through fermentation. 
C) The mitochondria in brown fat can produce heat without making ATP. 
D) It is not an adaptation; white fat is what they need to produce heat. 
A) Brown fat has many mitochondria, so it can produce more ATP. 
B) Brown fat can produce heat and ATP through fermentation. 
C) The mitochondria in brown fat can produce heat without making ATP. 
D) It is not an adaptation; white fat is what they need to produce heat.

Question 15

Humans use about ________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other life-sustaining activities.

Accepted Answer

A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 90% 
A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 90%

Question 16

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) the citric acid cycle 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) glycolysis 
D) electron transport chain 
A) the citric acid cycle 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) glycolysis 
D) electron transport chain

Question 17

To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolyzing the starch to glucose and the glycogen to amino acids. 
B) hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose. 
C) converting both starch and glycogen to fatty acids. 
D) removing one glucose at a time with a condensation reaction. 
A) hydrolyzing the starch to glucose and the glycogen to amino acids. 
B) hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose. 
C) converting both starch and glycogen to fatty acids. 
D) removing one glucose at a time with a condensation reaction.

Question 18

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) gain of electrons; loss of electrons 
B) loss of electrons; gain of electrons 
C) gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen 
D) gain of protons; loss of protons 
A) gain of electrons; loss of electrons 
B) loss of electrons; gain of electrons 
C) gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen 
D) gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 19

Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that

Accepted Answer

A) the mixture needs more sugar because yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol. 
B) the mixture needs less oxygen because yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen. 
C) the mixture needs more oxygen because yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and get enough energy to produce alcohol. 
D) the yeast used the alcohol as a carbon source. 
A) the mixture needs more sugar because yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol. 
B) the mixture needs less oxygen because yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen. 
C) the mixture needs more oxygen because yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and get enough energy to produce alcohol. 
D) the yeast used the alcohol as a carbon source.

Question 20

A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) alcoholic fermentation 
C) glycolysis 
D) biosynthesis 
A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) alcoholic fermentation 
C) glycolysis 
D) biosynthesis

Exam 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false?

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to

Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________.

During redox reactions,

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

Marathon runners are long-distance runners (marathons are races that are 26.2 miles long). Studies have shown that the muscles of marathon runners contain an abundance of slow-twitch fibers. Which of the following statements about these fibers is true?

Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested?

NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient?

A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend upon

Humans use about ________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other life-sustaining activities.

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that

A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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Respiration , and cellular respiration .

Oxidation is the , and reduction is the .