Question 1

Individuals are more susceptible to developing signs and symptoms of HIV infection when the CD4+ cell count falls below

Accepted Answer

A) 200 cells/mm3. 
B) 500 cells/mm3. 
C) 1000 cells/mm3. 
D) CD4+ cell concentrations to not relate to signs and symptoms of HIV. 
A) 200 cells/mm3. 
B) 500 cells/mm3. 
C) 1000 cells/mm3. 
D) CD4+ cell concentrations to not relate to signs and symptoms of HIV. B

Question 2

Which herbal supplement is contraindicated when used with antiretroviral medication such as indinavir?

Accepted Answer

A) Echinacea 
B) Cat's claw 
C) Milk thistle 
D) St.John's wort 
A) Echinacea 
B) Cat's claw 
C) Milk thistle 
D) St.John's wort D

Question 3

As a result of malabsorption, altered metabolism, gut infection, and altered gut barrier function can be the result of what condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Oversupplementation 
B) Opportunistic infections 
C) Micronutrient deficiencies 
D) Low protein intake 
A) Oversupplementation 
B) Opportunistic infections 
C) Micronutrient deficiencies 
D) Low protein intake C

Question 4

What is the primary adverse effect of some kinds of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

Accepted Answer

A) Drug interactions 
B) Increase in side effects and disease progression 
C) Decreased adherence 
D) Micronutrient malabsorption 
A) Drug interactions 
B) Increase in side effects and disease progression 
C) Decreased adherence 
D) Micronutrient malabsorption

Question 5

Hepatitis C virus coinfection with HIV is highly correlated with

Accepted Answer

A) men who have sex with men. 
B) injection drug use. 
C) poverty. 
D) low literacy rates. 
A) men who have sex with men. 
B) injection drug use. 
C) poverty. 
D) low literacy rates.

Question 6

Retrovir and AZT are what type of antiretroviral medications?

Accepted Answer

A) Fusion inhibitors 
B) Protease inhibitors 
C) Nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
D) Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
A) Fusion inhibitors 
B) Protease inhibitors 
C) Nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
D) Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 7

Which area of the world has the highest prevalence of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A) North America 
B) Latin America 
C) South and Southeast Asia 
D) Sub-Saharan Africa 
A) North America 
B) Latin America 
C) South and Southeast Asia 
D) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 8

The most widely studied combination regimen for treatment naïve patients includes

Accepted Answer

A) two NRTIs plus either one NNRTI or a PI. 
B) an INSTI with two NRTIs. 
C) a PI and a fusion inhibitor. 
D) two NNRTIs with a NRTI and PI (with or without ritonavir boosting). 
A) two NRTIs plus either one NNRTI or a PI. 
B) an INSTI with two NRTIs. 
C) a PI and a fusion inhibitor. 
D) two NNRTIs with a NRTI and PI (with or without ritonavir boosting).

Question 9

What opportunistic infection manifests as purple nodules or lesions on the skin and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) Candidiasis 
B) Herpes zoster 
C) Kaposi's sarcoma 
D) Pneumococcal sinusitis 
A) Candidiasis 
B) Herpes zoster 
C) Kaposi's sarcoma 
D) Pneumococcal sinusitis

Question 10

Low levels of literacy, vision loss, cognitive impairment, homelessness, stigma, and active substance abuse can have significant effects on what aspect of HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Coinfection 
B) Drug resistance 
C) Increased nutrition needs 
D) Increased transmission rates 
A) Coinfection 
B) Drug resistance 
C) Increased nutrition needs 
D) Increased transmission rates

Question 11

It is important to talk with patients about body shape and fat redistribution to combat what aspect of HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Food-medication interaction 
B) Opportunistic infections 
C) Peripheral neuropathy 
D) HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) 
A) Food-medication interaction 
B) Opportunistic infections 
C) Peripheral neuropathy 
D) HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS)

Question 12

Protein intake for individuals with HIV is recommended to be:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased. 
B) maintained to current dietary reference intake (DRI) for healthy individuals. 
C) increased to double the DRI for energy needs. 
D) Adjusted according to CD4+ levels. 
A) decreased. 
B) maintained to current dietary reference intake (DRI) for healthy individuals. 
C) increased to double the DRI for energy needs. 
D) Adjusted according to CD4+ levels.

Question 13

What is the most valuable indicator of nutritional status in HIV-infected children?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy levels 
B) Viral load 
C) CD4 levels 
D) Growth 
A) Energy levels 
B) Viral load 
C) CD4 levels 
D) Growth

Question 14

Which cells become infected by the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A) All lymphocytes 
B) All T4 lymphocytes 
C) The CD4+ or mature T-helper lymphocytes 
D) The CD4+ or T8 lymphocytes 
A) All lymphocytes 
B) All T4 lymphocytes 
C) The CD4+ or mature T-helper lymphocytes 
D) The CD4+ or T8 lymphocytes

Question 15

Opportunistic infections seen in patients with AIDS may increase the presence of malnutrition because of

Accepted Answer

A) further compromise of the immune system. 
B) a reduction in available iron for the WBCs. 
C) a reduction in RBCs, causing inadequate oxygenation of the tissues. 
D) a decreased oncotic pressure in the intravascular space. 
A) further compromise of the immune system. 
B) a reduction in available iron for the WBCs. 
C) a reduction in RBCs, causing inadequate oxygenation of the tissues. 
D) a decreased oncotic pressure in the intravascular space.

Question 16

Hepatoxicity in association with treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors are associated with what opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium avium 
B) Cryptosporidiosis 
C) Hepatitis C virus 
D) Dysesthesia 
A) Mycobacterium avium 
B) Cryptosporidiosis 
C) Hepatitis C virus 
D) Dysesthesia

Question 17

What period of disease progression does acute HIV infection make up?

Accepted Answer

A) The period from transmission to up to 10 years after infection 
B) The period from transmission of HIV to the production of detectable antibodies 
C) The period between normal and less than 500 CD4+ cells/mm3. 
D) The period when CD4 decrease fall to even lower levels and the infection becomes symptomatic and progresses to AIDS 
A) The period from transmission to up to 10 years after infection 
B) The period from transmission of HIV to the production of detectable antibodies 
C) The period between normal and less than 500 CD4+ cells/mm3. 
D) The period when CD4 decrease fall to even lower levels and the infection becomes symptomatic and progresses to AIDS

Question 18

Obesity in people with HIV should be treated with:

Accepted Answer

A) altered antiviral medications. 
B) decreased protein intake. 
C) supplementation and complementary medicine. 
D) physical activity, aerobic exercise, and regular medical nutrition therapy. 
A) altered antiviral medications. 
B) decreased protein intake. 
C) supplementation and complementary medicine. 
D) physical activity, aerobic exercise, and regular medical nutrition therapy.

Question 19

What should a pregnant woman who is HIV positive be advised in regard to feeding her baby?

Accepted Answer

A) Breastfeed her baby. 
B) Do not breastfeed her baby. 
C) Breastfeed her baby only if she is asymptomatic. 
D) Breastfeed her baby only if her disease is in its early stage. 
A) Breastfeed her baby. 
B) Do not breastfeed her baby. 
C) Breastfeed her baby only if she is asymptomatic. 
D) Breastfeed her baby only if her disease is in its early stage.

Question 20

For HIV-infected individuals with high triclyceride levels, what kind of supplementation might be helpful?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin A 
B) Fish oil 
C) Magnesium 
D) Garlic 
A) Vitamin A 
B) Fish oil 
C) Magnesium 
D) Garlic

Exam 38: Medical and Nutrition Therapy for HIV and AIDS

Individuals are more susceptible to developing signs and symptoms of HIV infection when the CD4+ cell count falls below

Which herbal supplement is contraindicated when used with antiretroviral medication such as indinavir?

As a result of malabsorption, altered metabolism, gut infection, and altered gut barrier function can be the result of what condition?

What is the primary adverse effect of some kinds of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

Hepatitis C virus coinfection with HIV is highly correlated with

Retrovir and AZT are what type of antiretroviral medications?

Which area of the world has the highest prevalence of HIV infection?

The most widely studied combination regimen for treatment naïve patients includes

What opportunistic infection manifests as purple nodules or lesions on the skin and mucous membranes?

Low levels of literacy, vision loss, cognitive impairment, homelessness, stigma, and active substance abuse can have significant effects on what aspect of HIV disease?

It is important to talk with patients about body shape and fat redistribution to combat what aspect of HIV disease?

Protein intake for individuals with HIV is recommended to be:

What is the most valuable indicator of nutritional status in HIV-infected children?

Which cells become infected by the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS?

Opportunistic infections seen in patients with AIDS may increase the presence of malnutrition because of

Hepatoxicity in association with treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors are associated with what opportunistic infection?

What period of disease progression does acute HIV infection make up?

Obesity in people with HIV should be treated with:

What should a pregnant woman who is HIV positive be advised in regard to feeding her baby?

For HIV-infected individuals with high triclyceride levels, what kind of supplementation might be helpful?

Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Energy

The Nutrients and Their Metabolism

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Assessment: Nutritional Genomics

Clinical: Inflammation, Physical and Functional Assessment

Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: The Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food-Nutrient Delivery: Planning the Diet With Cultural Competency

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Bioactive Substances and Integrative Care

Food-Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support Methods

Interventions: Education and Counseling for Behavior Change

Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition During Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Mnt for Food Allergy and Food Intolerance

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Liver, Biliary System, and Exocrine Pancreas Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid and Related Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Cancer

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Stress: Sepsis, Trauma, Burns, and Surgery

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Psychiatric Conditions

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Developmental Disabilities

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