Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with excessive calcium supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A) Constipation 
B) Iron deficiency 
C) Urinary tract stones 
D) High blood pressure 
A) Constipation 
B) Iron deficiency 
C) Urinary tract stones 
D) High blood pressure D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormone-related (type I) osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Rapid rate of bone loss and therefore of BMD 
B) Cessation of ovarian estrogen production 
C) Decrease in dietary calcium intake 
D) Increased risk of fracture of wrist and vertebrae 
A) Rapid rate of bone loss and therefore of BMD 
B) Cessation of ovarian estrogen production 
C) Decrease in dietary calcium intake 
D) Increased risk of fracture of wrist and vertebrae C

Question 3

A chronic elevation of which circulating hormone typically leads to an increase in bone resorption and bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroid hormone 
B) Parathyroid hormone 
C) Corticosteroid hormone 
D) Glucagon 
A) Thyroid hormone 
B) Parathyroid hormone 
C) Corticosteroid hormone 
D) Glucagon B

Question 4

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Hispanic ethnicity 
B) European or Asian ethnicity 
C) Cigarette smoking 
D) Female athlete triad 
A) Hispanic ethnicity 
B) European or Asian ethnicity 
C) Cigarette smoking 
D) Female athlete triad

Question 5

When is the peak bone mass of a female typically achieved?

Accepted Answer

A) By the end of adolescence 
B) By approximately 30 years of age 
C) Within the decade preceding menopause 
D) After the onset of menopause 
A) By the end of adolescence 
B) By approximately 30 years of age 
C) Within the decade preceding menopause 
D) After the onset of menopause

Question 6

What does uncoupling of bone remodeling mean?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone formation precedes bone resorption. 
B) Bone formation both exceeds and precedes bone resorption. 
C) Bone resorption precedes bone formation. 
D) Bone resorption both precedes and exceeds bone formation. 
A) Bone formation precedes bone resorption. 
B) Bone formation both exceeds and precedes bone resorption. 
C) Bone resorption precedes bone formation. 
D) Bone resorption both precedes and exceeds bone formation.

Question 7

Which of the following are bone-forming cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocytes 
B) Osteoblasts 
C) Osteoclasts 
D) Osteocalcins 
A) Osteocytes 
B) Osteoblasts 
C) Osteoclasts 
D) Osteocalcins

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of type II or age-related osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Occurs after 50 years of age 
B) Loss of height occurs 
C) Only affects trabecular bone 
D) Rarely occurs in males 
A) Occurs after 50 years of age 
B) Loss of height occurs 
C) Only affects trabecular bone 
D) Rarely occurs in males

Question 9

Which of the following is necessary for the maturation of osteocalcin?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin K 
B) Vitamin D 
C) Vitamin E 
D) Vitamin A 
A) Vitamin K 
B) Vitamin D 
C) Vitamin E 
D) Vitamin A

Question 10

Bone tissue consists of the mineral phase and the organic _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

A) collagen 
B) cartilage 
C) matrix 
D) osteocalcin 
A) collagen 
B) cartilage 
C) matrix 
D) osteocalcin

Question 11

Calcium and phosphate ions in a ratio of ________are needed for bone mineralization.

Accepted Answer

A) 2:1 
B) 4:1 
C) 1:1 
D) 1:2 
A) 2:1 
B) 4:1 
C) 1:1 
D) 1:2

Question 12

Which of the following drug treatments has NOT been proven effective in preventing excessive bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Alendronate 
B) Calcitonin 
C) Fluoride 
D) Bisphosphonate 
A) Alendronate 
B) Calcitonin 
C) Fluoride 
D) Bisphosphonate

Question 13

Which of the following changes related to nutrition and bone metabolism does NOT occur in elderly subjects?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased intake of protein 
B) Reduction of skin biosynthesis of vitamin D 
C) Increased renal excretion of calcium 
D) Decline in osteoblast function 
A) Decreased intake of protein 
B) Reduction of skin biosynthesis of vitamin D 
C) Increased renal excretion of calcium 
D) Decline in osteoblast function

Question 14

Which of the following dietary variables is NOT related to low bone mass?

Accepted Answer

A) Inadequate calcium 
B) Excessive phosphorus 
C) Inadequate vitamin D 
D) Excessive potassium 
A) Inadequate calcium 
B) Excessive phosphorus 
C) Inadequate vitamin D 
D) Excessive potassium

Question 15

The WHO's definition of osteoporosis is a BMD greater than _____ standard deviations below the mean for healthy 20- to 29-year-old adults.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 1.5 
C) 2 
D) 2.5 
A) 1 
B) 1.5 
C) 2 
D) 2.5

Question 16

Which of the following bone measurements is more appropriate for individuals from late adolescence to the elderly years?

Accepted Answer

A) BMC 
B) BMD 
C) PBM 
D) Alkaline phosphatase 
A) BMC 
B) BMD 
C) PBM 
D) Alkaline phosphatase

Question 17

Which of the following statements about exercise and bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Regular weight-bearing exercise has little influence on BMD. 
B) Upper-body strength activities may improve overall BMD. 
C) Walking several miles each day has a large impact on hip BMD. 
D) Swimming regularly has a large impact on vertebral BMD. 
A) Regular weight-bearing exercise has little influence on BMD. 
B) Upper-body strength activities may improve overall BMD. 
C) Walking several miles each day has a large impact on hip BMD. 
D) Swimming regularly has a large impact on vertebral BMD.

Question 18

Which of the following female patients is at risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) An African American woman who was normal age at menopause and has a large frame and poor intake of calcium 
B) A white woman who is overweight, had multiple pregnancies and late menopause, and consumes alcohol 
C) A white woman who is underweight, had premature menopause, does not exercise, and smokes cigarettes 
D) An Asian woman who is premenopausal and has a large frame, a high calcium intake, and a sedentary lifestyle 
A) An African American woman who was normal age at menopause and has a large frame and poor intake of calcium 
B) A white woman who is overweight, had multiple pregnancies and late menopause, and consumes alcohol 
C) A white woman who is underweight, had premature menopause, does not exercise, and smokes cigarettes 
D) An Asian woman who is premenopausal and has a large frame, a high calcium intake, and a sedentary lifestyle

Question 19

What is the most beneficial type of exercise to include in an exercise program for a patient at risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Swimming 
B) Weight bearing 
C) Non-weight bearing 
D) Isometric 
A) Swimming 
B) Weight bearing 
C) Non-weight bearing 
D) Isometric

Question 20

Which of the following is associated with the bone tissue at the end of the long bones?

Accepted Answer

A) Trabecular bone 
B) Cortical bone 
C) Haversian systems 
D) Osteons 
A) Trabecular bone 
B) Cortical bone 
C) Haversian systems 
D) Osteons

Exam 25: Nutrition and Bone Health

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with excessive calcium supplementation?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormone-related (type I) osteoporosis?

A chronic elevation of which circulating hormone typically leads to an increase in bone resorption and bone loss?

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

When is the peak bone mass of a female typically achieved?

What does uncoupling of bone remodeling mean?

Which of the following are bone-forming cells?

Which of the following is a characteristic of type II or age-related osteoporosis?

Which of the following is necessary for the maturation of osteocalcin?

Bone tissue consists of the mineral phase and the organic _____ phase.

Calcium and phosphate ions in a ratio of ________are needed for bone mineralization.

Which of the following drug treatments has NOT been proven effective in preventing excessive bone loss?

Which of the following changes related to nutrition and bone metabolism does NOT occur in elderly subjects?

Which of the following dietary variables is NOT related to low bone mass?

The WHO's definition of osteoporosis is a BMD greater than _____ standard deviations below the mean for healthy 20- to 29-year-old adults.

Which of the following bone measurements is more appropriate for individuals from late adolescence to the elderly years?

Which of the following statements about exercise and bone is TRUE?

Which of the following female patients is at risk for osteoporosis?

What is the most beneficial type of exercise to include in an exercise program for a patient at risk for osteoporosis?

Which of the following is associated with the bone tissue at the end of the long bones?

Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Energy

The Nutrients and Their Metabolism

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Assessment: Nutritional Genomics

Clinical: Inflammation, Physical and Functional Assessment

Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: The Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food-Nutrient Delivery: Planning the Diet With Cultural Competency

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Bioactive Substances and Integrative Care

Food-Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support Methods

Interventions: Education and Counseling for Behavior Change

Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition During Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Mnt for Food Allergy and Food Intolerance

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Liver, Biliary System, and Exocrine Pancreas Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid and Related Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Cancer

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for HIV and AIDS

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Stress: Sepsis, Trauma, Burns, and Surgery

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Psychiatric Conditions

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Developmental Disabilities

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