Question 1

Which statement best explains the process of filtration in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filtration occurs as a result of passive and active transport mechanisms from all parts of the renal tubules; a major portion of reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. 
B)  Filtration is the movement of molecules out of peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion. 
C)  Filtration is the movement of molecules out of the tubule and into peritubular blood. 
D)  Filtration is the movement of water and protein-free solutes from plasma in the glomerulus into the capsular space of Bowman capsule. 
A)  Filtration occurs as a result of passive and active transport mechanisms from all parts of the renal tubules; a major portion of reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. 
B)  Filtration is the movement of molecules out of peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion. 
C)  Filtration is the movement of molecules out of the tubule and into peritubular blood. 
D)  Filtration is the movement of water and protein-free solutes from plasma in the glomerulus into the capsular space of Bowman capsule.

Question 2

Assume that the nephron is able to return 150 mg/100 ml of glucose back to the blood.If the blood entering the glomerulus contains 192 mg/100 ml of glucose,what is the glucose concentration of the blood leaving the nephron and the concentration of the urine being formed?

Accepted Answer

Blood: 150 mg/100 ml

Question 3

The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:

Accepted Answer

A)  creatinine. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
A)  creatinine. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium.

Question 4

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  60 
B)  32 
C)  18 
D)  0 
A)  60 
B)  32 
C)  18 
D)  0

Question 5

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure is 67 mm Hg,the glomerular osmotic pressure is 28 mm Hg,the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 17 mm Hg,and the capsular osmotic pressure is 0 mm Hg,the effective filtration pressure (EFP)would be _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  22 
B)  56 
C)  78 
D)  There is not enough information to determine the EFP. 
A)  22 
B)  56 
C)  78 
D)  There is not enough information to determine the EFP.

Question 6

A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  Bowman capsule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  loop of Henle. 
A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  Bowman capsule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  loop of Henle.

Question 7

What is the first branch of the segmental artery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interlobar arteries 
B)  Afferent arterioles 
C)  Lobar arteries 
D)  Arcuate arteries 
A)  Interlobar arteries 
B)  Afferent arterioles 
C)  Lobar arteries 
D)  Arcuate arteries

Question 8

Which of the following is not a primary function of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The loop of Henle reabsorbs water from the tubule fluid in its descending limb. 
B)  In addition to reabsorption, the loop of Henle secretes hydrogen ions. 
C)  By reabsorbing salt from its ascending limb, it makes the tubule fluid hypotonic. 
D)  Reabsorption of salt in the ascending limb also creates and maintains a high osmotic pressure. 
A)  The loop of Henle reabsorbs water from the tubule fluid in its descending limb. 
B)  In addition to reabsorption, the loop of Henle secretes hydrogen ions. 
C)  By reabsorbing salt from its ascending limb, it makes the tubule fluid hypotonic. 
D)  Reabsorption of salt in the ascending limb also creates and maintains a high osmotic pressure.

Question 9

Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Ammonium 
D)  Sodium 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Ammonium 
D)  Sodium

Question 10

Under normal conditions,most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Ascending loop of Henle 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Collecting tubule 
A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Ascending loop of Henle 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Collecting tubule

Question 11

There are how many openings in the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four

Question 12

If the Tmₐₓ for glucose in the nephron was 300 mg/100 ml and a person had a blood glucose level of 380 mg/100 ml,there would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  300 mg/100 ml of glucose in the urine. 
B)  80 mg/100 ml of glucose in the urine. 
C)  80 mg/100 ml of glucose in the blood leaving the kidney. 
D)  both A and C. 
A)  300 mg/100 ml of glucose in the urine. 
B)  80 mg/100 ml of glucose in the urine. 
C)  80 mg/100 ml of glucose in the blood leaving the kidney. 
D)  both A and C.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthesize prostaglandins 
B)  Regulate blood sugar 
C)  Produce hormones 
D)  Regulate blood electrolytes 
A)  Synthesize prostaglandins 
B)  Regulate blood sugar 
C)  Produce hormones 
D)  Regulate blood electrolytes

Question 14

Place in correct anatomical order the structures of the pathway of urine leaving the distal tubule, beginning with the number 1.
-ureter

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 15

Explain how the active transport of sodium out of the nephron tubules acts as the driving force for the passive transport of other materials.

Accepted Answer

The active transport of sodium out of th

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly convoluted 
B)  Nearest to Bowman capsule 
C)  Second part of the renal tubules 
D)  Contains microvilli 
A)  Highly convoluted 
B)  Nearest to Bowman capsule 
C)  Second part of the renal tubules 
D)  Contains microvilli

Question 17

Autoregulation of glomerular filtration by tubuloglomerular feedback helps protect the kidney:

Accepted Answer

A)  from rapid systemic arterial pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
B)  from rapid systemic venous pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
C)  by contracting the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus increasing systemic blood pressure. 
D)  by relaxing the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus reducing systemic blood pressure. 
A)  from rapid systemic arterial pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
B)  from rapid systemic venous pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
C)  by contracting the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus increasing systemic blood pressure. 
D)  by relaxing the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus reducing systemic blood pressure.

Question 18

In the ascending limb of Henle:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the tubule fluid. 
B)  the tubule fluid becomes dilute (hypotonic). 
C)  antidiuretic hormone causes the cells to become more permeable to water. 
D)  both A and B occur. 
A)  sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the tubule fluid. 
B)  the tubule fluid becomes dilute (hypotonic). 
C)  antidiuretic hormone causes the cells to become more permeable to water. 
D)  both A and B occur.

Question 19

Which blood vessels empty into the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interlobar arteries 
B)  Afferent arterioles 
C)  Lobar arteries 
D)  Arcuate arteries 
A)  Interlobar arteries 
B)  Afferent arterioles 
C)  Lobar arteries 
D)  Arcuate arteries

Question 20

A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  stay the same. 
D)  vary depending on the level of AHD in the blood. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  stay the same. 
D)  vary depending on the level of AHD in the blood.

Exam 31: B: Urinary System

Which statement best explains the process of filtration in the nephron?

Assume that the nephron is able to return 150 mg/100 ml of glucose back to the blood.If the blood entering the glomerulus contains 192 mg/100 ml of glucose,what is the glucose concentration of the blood leaving the nephron and the concentration of the urine being formed?

The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure is 67 mm Hg,the glomerular osmotic pressure is 28 mm Hg,the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 17 mm Hg,and the capsular osmotic pressure is 0 mm Hg,the effective filtration pressure (EFP)would be _____ mm Hg.

A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the:

What is the first branch of the segmental artery?

Which of the following is not a primary function of the loop of Henle?

Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules?

Under normal conditions,most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron?

There are how many openings in the urinary bladder?

If the Tmₐₓ for glucose in the nephron was 300 mg/100 ml and a person had a blood glucose level of 380 mg/100 ml,there would be:

Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys?

Place in correct anatomical order the structures of the pathway of urine leaving the distal tubule, beginning with the number 1. -ureter

Explain how the active transport of sodium out of the nephron tubules acts as the driving force for the passive transport of other materials.

Which of the following is not true of the proximal tubule?

Autoregulation of glomerular filtration by tubuloglomerular feedback helps protect the kidney:

In the ascending limb of Henle:

Which blood vessels empty into the glomerulus?

A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to:

A: Organization of the Body

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