Exam 35: A: Female Reproductive System

The endometrium is about 10 times thicker near the end of the endometrial cycle than just after the menstrual flow.

The clitoris is homologous to the corpora cavernosa and the glans of the penis in the male.

Bartholin gland is homologous to the bulbourethral gland in the male.

Milk production begins shortly after the beginning of labor.

The ruptured primary follicle becomes the corpus luteum.

Changes in the uterus are influenced most by estrogen in the preovulatory phase and by progesterone in the postovulatory phase.

A prolapsed uterus results from weakening of the supporting ligaments of the uterus,which permits retroflexion (backward tilt)and descent of the uterus into the vagina.

Each breast has 5 to 10 lactiferous ducts.

One effect of estrogen is increase of myometrial contractions.

After menopause,the follicular cells are extremely sensitive to the increased gonadotropin levels.

The mammary glands produce the hormones progesterone and prolactin.

The outer layer of theca cells in the ovary produce an androgen that is converted to estrogen by the granulosa cells.

The sloughing of the myometrial layer of the uterus occurs about once every 28 days.

The postmenstrual phase is also called the proliferative phase.

As part of the cyclical changes occurring in the uterus,both estrogen and progesterone cause an increase in myometrial contractions.

Tubal ligation can be used to improve fertility.

The cervical canal is bordered by the internal os above and the external os below.

Going from medial to lateral,the parts of the uterine tubes are isthmus,ampulla,and infundibulum.

Fertilization usually occurs in the infundibulum of the uterus.

The ovarian follicles are located in the layer of connective tissue in the ovaries called the tunica albuginea.