Exam 27: A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

White blood cells do not have a role in oxygen transport.

The partial pressure of a gas in solution is independent of the partial pressure of the same gas in the environment of the liquid.

There are six iron atoms in a single hemoglobin molecule.

Hemoglobin is made up of four polypeptide chains: an alpha,a beta,a gamma,and a delta.

One factor that determines the amount of oxygen transferred from the lungs to the blood is the total functional surface area of the respiratory membrane.

The volume forcefully expired during the first second,FEV₁,is usually about 70% of the vital capacity.

Residual volume and minimal volume make up about 5% of vital capacity.

At the time between inspiration and expiration,the air in the lungs must be at atmospheric pressure.

In both inspiration and expiration,air moves down a pressure gradient.

If a person's total minute volume is 7500 ml and the volume of air in one breathing cycle is 500 ml,the breathing rate must be 20 cycles per minute.

The contraction of the abdominal muscles and the sternocleidomastoid allow much more air to leave the lungs than does the simple recoil of the lungs.

The pressure between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura must always be positive to ensure the lung can expand.

The Bohr effect describes the effect of an increased PCO₂ causing a decreased affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen.

The Hering-Breuer reflex regulates tidal volume.

Under usual conditions,the partial pressure of oxygen in systemic venous blood is approximately 87 mm Hg.

According to the rate laws of chemistry,the more carbon dioxide in the blood,the more carbaminohemoglobin will be formed.

The best way to determine whether a conscious individual is choking is simply to ask him.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is much more influenced by carbon dioxide in the blood because there is no buffering system in the CSF as there is in the blood.

Input from the apneustic center in the pons inhibits the inspiratory center causing a decrease in the length and depth of inspiration.

A pulmonary volume is the sum of two or more pulmonary capacities.