Question 1

If neutrinos have mass but do not interact much with normal matter,why can't they be the dominant form of dark matter in the universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structure formation would have started with large objects fragmenting into smaller objects. 
B)  Structure formation would have started with small objects merging to form larger objects. 
C)  Neutrinos would decay over time and disappear, causing galaxies to fall apart. 
D)  Neutrinos would not gravitationally lens background galaxies. 
A)  Structure formation would have started with large objects fragmenting into smaller objects. 
B)  Structure formation would have started with small objects merging to form larger objects. 
C)  Neutrinos would decay over time and disappear, causing galaxies to fall apart. 
D)  Neutrinos would not gravitationally lens background galaxies. A

Question 2

We expect the galaxies that we see at a redshift of 4 (that is,when the universe was much younger)will be ________ than galaxies today.

Accepted Answer

A)  more irregular and redder 
B)  larger and redder 
C)  smaller and bluer 
D)  smaller and redder 
A)  more irregular and redder 
B)  larger and redder 
C)  smaller and bluer 
D)  smaller and redder C

Question 3

During which era will the final black holes decay?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dark Era 
B)  Black Hole Era 
C)  Stelliferous Era 
D)  Primordial Era 
A)  Dark Era 
B)  Black Hole Era 
C)  Stelliferous Era 
D)  Primordial Era B

Question 4

In order from first to last,the specific eras in the universe's history are known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Primordial, Stelliferous, Degenerate, and Dark eras. 
B)  Stelliferous, Black Hole, and Entropy eras. 
C)  Primordial, Stelliferous, Black Hole, and Entropy eras. 
D)  Primordial, Stelliferous, Degenerate, Black Hole, and Dark eras. 
A)  Primordial, Stelliferous, Degenerate, and Dark eras. 
B)  Stelliferous, Black Hole, and Entropy eras. 
C)  Primordial, Stelliferous, Black Hole, and Entropy eras. 
D)  Primordial, Stelliferous, Degenerate, Black Hole, and Dark eras.

Question 5

What is the method used to measure the distances to the farthest galaxies when mapping out large-scale structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cepheid variables 
B)  parallax 
C)  redshifts and Hubble's law 
D)  RR Lyrae variables 
A)  Cepheid variables 
B)  parallax 
C)  redshifts and Hubble's law 
D)  RR Lyrae variables

Question 6

What is the importance of the observation that the observed amount of normal matter in the universe matches the amount predicted by Big Bang nucleosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It shows that dark matter cannot be made up of primarily normal matter, such as protons and neutrons. 
B)  It shows that dark matter is made up primarily of normal matter, such as protons and neutrons. 
C)  It shows that there is no need to require dark matter in our understanding of the large-scale structure of the universe. 
D)  It shows that dark matter is made up primarily of neutrinos. 
A)  It shows that dark matter cannot be made up of primarily normal matter, such as protons and neutrons. 
B)  It shows that dark matter is made up primarily of normal matter, such as protons and neutrons. 
C)  It shows that there is no need to require dark matter in our understanding of the large-scale structure of the universe. 
D)  It shows that dark matter is made up primarily of neutrinos.

Question 7

Astronomers currently think that the last stage of the universe will be the Dark Era.Explain what that implies for the future of the universe.

Accepted Answer

The universe will continue to

Question 8

Our current ideas on galaxy formation suggest that the visible parts of galaxies:

Accepted Answer

A)  form first and are incorporated into dark matter halos later. 
B)  form only in the densest parts of dark matter halos. 
C)  can tell you the total size of the dark matter halo. 
D)  can tell you everything about the formation history of that galaxy. 
A)  form first and are incorporated into dark matter halos later. 
B)  form only in the densest parts of dark matter halos. 
C)  can tell you the total size of the dark matter halo. 
D)  can tell you everything about the formation history of that galaxy.

Question 9

Structure formation in our universe:

Accepted Answer

A)  proceeds from the top down. 
B)  proceeds from the bottom and moves up. 
C)  begins on all spatial scales at the same time. 
D)  begins after clusters form. 
A)  proceeds from the top down. 
B)  proceeds from the bottom and moves up. 
C)  begins on all spatial scales at the same time. 
D)  begins after clusters form.

Question 10

Galaxies in clusters far from our Milky Way Galaxy appear:

Accepted Answer

A)  much like what we see in nearby clusters. 
B)  smaller and much more irregular looking than nearby galaxies. 
C)  smaller versions of what we see in nearby clusters. 
D)  far more numerous but with fewer spiral galaxies. 
A)  much like what we see in nearby clusters. 
B)  smaller and much more irregular looking than nearby galaxies. 
C)  smaller versions of what we see in nearby clusters. 
D)  far more numerous but with fewer spiral galaxies.

Question 11

What is the evidence that galaxies can merge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galaxies at higher redshifts are smaller and more irregularly shaped. 
B)  Hubble Space Telescope has observations of merging galaxies. 
C)  Simulations show that mergers produce observed galaxy shapes. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Galaxies at higher redshifts are smaller and more irregularly shaped. 
B)  Hubble Space Telescope has observations of merging galaxies. 
C)  Simulations show that mergers produce observed galaxy shapes. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 12

Describe the large-scale structure of the universe.

Accepted Answer

The structure of the universe

Question 13

What do astronomers believe will be the final state of our universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  a "Big Crunch" in which everything collapses back in on itself 
B)  an ever-expanding universe filled with nothing but hydrogen and helium gas 
C)  a universe that stops expanding and is filled with nothing but white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes 
D)  an ever-expanding universe filled with photons and elementary particles 
A)  a "Big Crunch" in which everything collapses back in on itself 
B)  an ever-expanding universe filled with nothing but hydrogen and helium gas 
C)  a universe that stops expanding and is filled with nothing but white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes 
D)  an ever-expanding universe filled with photons and elementary particles

Question 14

The earliest isotopes of low-mass nuclei (deuterium,helium,lithium,beryllium,boron)were formed in a process called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Big Bang nucleosynthesis. 
B)  nuclear fission. 
C)  nuclear fusion. 
D)  stellar nucleosynthesis. 
A)  Big Bang nucleosynthesis. 
B)  nuclear fission. 
C)  nuclear fusion. 
D)  stellar nucleosynthesis.

Question 15

The patterns of walls and voids that are observed:

Accepted Answer

A)  only occur in the Virgo Cluster. 
B)  are optical illusions. 
C)  support the cosmological principle. 
D)  are made of dark matter. 
A)  only occur in the Virgo Cluster. 
B)  are optical illusions. 
C)  support the cosmological principle. 
D)  are made of dark matter.

Question 16

What is the observational evidence that gravitational instabilities created the seeds of large-scale structure in the universe?

Accepted Answer

Minor fluctuations i

Question 17

What is one similarity between star formation and galaxy formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both processes are dominated by gravity. 
B)  Both processes are still occurring. 
C)  Both processes only occurred in the early stages of the universe. 
D)  Both processes require dark matter. 
A)  Both processes are dominated by gravity. 
B)  Both processes are still occurring. 
C)  Both processes only occurred in the early stages of the universe. 
D)  Both processes require dark matter.

Question 18

Why can't dark matter halos collapse to be the same size as the visible parts of galaxies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dark matter can't dissipate its energy through radiation. 
B)  Dark matter is mostly made of mini black holes. 
C)  Dark matter has much more angular momentum. 
D)  Dark matter annihilates when it begins to get that dense. 
A)  Dark matter can't dissipate its energy through radiation. 
B)  Dark matter is mostly made of mini black holes. 
C)  Dark matter has much more angular momentum. 
D)  Dark matter annihilates when it begins to get that dense.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is the largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  globular cluster 
B)  galaxy cluster 
C)  galaxy group 
D)  supercluster 
A)  globular cluster 
B)  galaxy cluster 
C)  galaxy group 
D)  supercluster

Question 20

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stars evolve. 
B)  Galaxies evolve. 
C)  The universe evolves. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Stars evolve. 
B)  Galaxies evolve. 
C)  The universe evolves. 
D)  all of the above

If neutrinos have mass but do not interact much with normal matter,why can't they be the dominant form of dark matter in the universe?

We expect the galaxies that we see at a redshift of 4 (that is,when the universe was much younger)will be ________ than galaxies today.

During which era will the final black holes decay?

In order from first to last,the specific eras in the universe's history are known as the:

What is the method used to measure the distances to the farthest galaxies when mapping out large-scale structure?

What is the importance of the observation that the observed amount of normal matter in the universe matches the amount predicted by Big Bang nucleosynthesis?

Astronomers currently think that the last stage of the universe will be the Dark Era.Explain what that implies for the future of the universe.

Our current ideas on galaxy formation suggest that the visible parts of galaxies:

Structure formation in our universe:

Galaxies in clusters far from our Milky Way Galaxy appear:

What is the evidence that galaxies can merge?

Describe the large-scale structure of the universe.

What do astronomers believe will be the final state of our universe?

The earliest isotopes of low-mass nuclei (deuterium,helium,lithium,beryllium,boron)were formed in a process called:

The patterns of walls and voids that are observed:

What is the observational evidence that gravitational instabilities created the seeds of large-scale structure in the universe?

What is one similarity between star formation and galaxy formation?

Why can't dark matter halos collapse to be the same size as the visible parts of galaxies?

Which of the following structures is the largest?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Thinking Like an Astronomer

Patterns in the Skymotions of Earth and the Moon

Laws of Motion

Light and Telescopes

The Formation of Stars and Planets

Terrestrial Worlds in the Inner Solar System

Atmospheres of Venus, earth, and Mars

The Giant Planets

Small Bodies of the Solar System

Measuring the Stars

Our Star: the Sun

Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

Evolution of High-Mass Stars

Measuring Galaxies

Our Galaxy: the Milky Way

The Evolution of the Universe

Life in the Universe

Filters

Exam 17: Formation of Structure

If neutrinos have mass but do not interact much with normal matter,why can't they be the dominant form of dark matter in the universe?

We expect the galaxies that we see at a redshift of 4 (that is,when the universe was much younger)will be ________ than galaxies today.

During which era will the final black holes decay?

In order from first to last,the specific eras in the universe's history are known as the:

What is the method used to measure the distances to the farthest galaxies when mapping out large-scale structure?

What is the importance of the observation that the observed amount of normal matter in the universe matches the amount predicted by Big Bang nucleosynthesis?

Astronomers currently think that the last stage of the universe will be the Dark Era.Explain what that implies for the future of the universe.

Our current ideas on galaxy formation suggest that the visible parts of galaxies:

Structure formation in our universe:

Galaxies in clusters far from our Milky Way Galaxy appear:

What is the evidence that galaxies can merge?

Describe the large-scale structure of the universe.

What do astronomers believe will be the final state of our universe?

The earliest isotopes of low-mass nuclei (deuterium,helium,lithium,beryllium,boron)were formed in a process called:

The patterns of walls and voids that are observed:

What is the observational evidence that gravitational instabilities created the seeds of large-scale structure in the universe?

What is one similarity between star formation and galaxy formation?

Why can't dark matter halos collapse to be the same size as the visible parts of galaxies?

Which of the following structures is the largest?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Thinking Like an Astronomer

Patterns in the Skymotions of Earth and the Moon

Laws of Motion

Light and Telescopes

The Formation of Stars and Planets

Terrestrial Worlds in the Inner Solar System

Atmospheres of Venus, earth, and Mars

The Giant Planets

Small Bodies of the Solar System

Measuring the Stars

Our Star: the Sun

Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

Evolution of High-Mass Stars

Measuring Galaxies

Our Galaxy: the Milky Way

The Evolution of the Universe

Life in the Universe

Filters