Exam 15: Population and Urbanization

The level of fertility in a society is based on biological and social factors, the primary biological factor being __________.

__________ argue that gentrification creates additional hardships for the poor by depleting the amount of affordable housing available and by "pushing" them out of city neighborhoods.

According to economist Thomas Malthus, people should practice sexual abstinence before marriage and postpone marriage as long as possible in order to have only a few children. This would produce what he termed a __________ check on population.

Demographers use the term __________ for a group of people who live in a specified geographic area and who are under study.

__________ is the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency. It affects the size and distribution of the population in a given area.

Population size, composition, and distribution are also connected to issues such as poverty, racial and ethnic diversity, shifts in the age structure of society, and concerns about environmental degradation. These issues are of interest to researchers in the field of __________. ​

In the future, rapid population growth is __________.

In the United States, the estimated sex ratio for 2013 was __________​

Durkheim's concept of __________ is characterized by interdependence based on the elaborate division of labor found in large, urban societies.

During the demographic transition stage of ____________, little population growth occurs because high birth rates are offset by high death rates.

__________ refers to the physical location of people throughout a geographic area; __________ is the term for the number of people within a given geographic area.

English economist __________, one of the first scholars to systematically study the effects of population, argued that "the power of population is infinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence (food) for man."

Farming and agricultural-related work continues to be the dominant way of life in rural areas of the United States.

A population pyramid that is actually pyramidal in shape is likely to pertain to __________.

Define fecundity and fertility and explain how they are related to each other within the​

In 2013, the crude birth rate in the United States was almost __________, compared with an all-time high rate of 27.0 per 1,000 in 1947 (following World War II).

Which early theorist described urbanism as a "way of life"?​

Emile Durkheim applied the term __________ to bonds based on a simple division of labor and shared religious beliefs such as are found in small agrarian societies.

The __________ is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

__________ is a subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution.