Exam 15: Population and Urbanization

Over the past several decades, many people have moved from low-income countries to high-income countries throughout the world. This is an example of __________.

__________ is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an area formerly dominated by another group or activity.

Lower-middle-class families move from the city into suburbs more recently occupied by upper-middle-class families. This is an example of the concept of __________.

__________ is the potential number of children that could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity.

Today just a few hundred financial institutions and developers finance and construct most major and minor urban development projects around the country.

Define the concepts of "pull" and "push" factors that influence internal and international migration.

In 2010, the leading cause of death in the United States was __________.

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, the city is a faceless and alienating place.

The African slave trade to the Americas is the most striking example of __________.

The __________ distribution of a population has a direct bearing on the demand for schooling, health, employment, housing, and pensions.

Discuss rates of fertility and fecundity in a global context. Define the terms and explain the factors that determine each. Describe the categories of nations based on fertility that were created by the U.N. Give an example of at least one country in each category.

People migrate either voluntarily or involuntarily. Which of these is considered a "push" factor for international migration?

According to the __________ perspective, overpopulation and rapid population growth result in global environmental problems, ranging from global warming and rain-forest destruction to famine and vulnerability to epidemics.

Explain the Malthusian perspective on population growth. In your response, include the concepts of doubling and positive and preventive checks. What are the primary criticisms of this perspective?​

When single-family residences are sold and turned into apartments, the remaining singlefamily owners often move out because the "old" neighborhood had changed. This is an example of __________ having occurred.

Malthus argued that, if left unchecked, the earth's population would exceed the __________.

During the demographic transition stage of __________, significant population growth occurs because birth rates are relatively high whereas death rates decline due to improvements in health, sanitation, and nutrition.

Define the multiple nuclei model and sector model of urban growth, both of which originate within the functionalist perspective.

Which of these is a social factor affecting fertility level?​

White women have a longer life expectancy than white men; however, African American men have a longer life expectancy than African American women.