Exam 15: Population and Urbanization

In the concentric zone model developed by Ernest Burgess, __________ includes houses divided into rooms and rented to recent immigrants and poor persons, as well as light manufacturing and businesses such as secondhand stores, pawnshops, and taverns.

The __________ refers to the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Hispanics accounted for about half the population growth in suburban areas in the 2000s.

__________ is a subfield of sociology that examines social relationships and political and economic structures in cities.

Two hundred years ago, about 3 percent of the world's population lived in cities, compared with __________ today.

Globally, the country with the lowest rate of infant mortality is __________.

__________ countries are those in which women are not having enough children to ensure that on average a daughter will survive to childbearing age.

The largest preindustrial city was __________.

Eighteen percent of the world's population lives in __________ countries.

Explain the emergence of cities and the transition to preindustrial and industrial cities. Include the three preconditions required for the emergence of cities.

Describe the concentric zone model of urban development, one of the models within the functionalist perspective.

One measure of population composition is the __________, which is the number of males for every hundred females in a given population.

The primary cause of world population growth in recent years has been __________.

Ecological models of city growth, human ecology, and social area analysis all pertain to the __________ within sociology.

During the demographic transition stage of __________, very little population growth occurs because both birth rates and death rates are low.

The United Nations defines high-, intermediate-, and low-fertility countries according to __________.

__________ refers to the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population.

__________ suggests that migration may be fostered by groups, such as humanitarian aid organizations relocating refugees or smugglers bringing people into a country illegally, and that the actions of these groups may produce a larger stream of migrants than would otherwise be the case.

The primary biological factor determining fertility within a particular society is __________.

The term fecundity refers to_______________________.