Exam 8: Global Stratification

__________ states that global poverty can at least partially be attributed to the fact that the low-income countries have been exploited by the high-income countries during the historical growth of capitalism.

In 1960, the top 20 percent of the world's population in terms of income received $30 for every dollar by the lowest-income 20 percent of the world's population. By 2005, the disparity had __________.

Walt Rostow, economic advisor to U.S. President Kennedy and proponent of modernization theory, identified __________ as one of the largest barriers to development in low-income nations.

Nations with high-income economies always have a higher rate of economic growth than newly industrializing nations.

Ideas regarding underdevelopment were popularized by __________ in his 1949 inaugural address. He stated that nations in the Southern Hemisphere were "underdeveloped areas" because of their low gross national product.

Complex patterns of international labor and production processes are termed __________.

__________ refers to the movement of jobs and economic resources from one nation to another.

In the world system, countries that are dependent on core nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven urbanization are termed __________.

Which of the major sociological perspectives is closely associated with modernization theory?​

Within world systems theory, __________ are dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization.

In addition to gross national income (GNI), the human development index considers living standards, life expectancy, and __________.

Describe the World Bank's classification of nations according to their gross national incomes.

Low-income economies are primarily found in countries in __________, where half of the world's population resides.

The multidimensional measure of poverty is most useful in analyzing poverty in high-income and middle-income countries, where people have greater access to resources.

The upper and lower limits for the categorization of countries according to their levels of income are set by __________.

Within high-fertility countries, the fertility rates for the poor are higher than those for the wealthy within the same country.

The income gaps between richer and poorer countries of the world are __________ than the income gaps between classes in the United States.

The World Bank divides middle-income economies into lower-middle and upper-middle. Angola, Bhutan, Chine, Iran, Costa Rica, and Gabon are examples nations with __________ economies.

Despite a decrease in tobacco smoking in high-income countries, there has been a global increase in per capita tobacco consumption.

Improving a country's gross national income (GNI) does not necessarily improve the standard of living for the poorest people living in that country.