Exam 8: Global Stratification

_________ exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living.

Immanuel Wallerstein's _________ theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties in which wealthier nations benefit from other nations.

There have been no improvements in health status, literacy, and lessening of extreme poverty throughout the world over the past 50 years.

__________ are nations characterized by highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and per capita income.

Within the "Three Worlds" approach, __________ refers to rich, industrialized nations that primarily had capitalist economic systems and democratic political systems.

In middle-income countries at least __________ of the population lives in poverty, which means living on less than $1.25 a day, as defined by the World Bank.

Outline the elements of Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory of global inequality.

Because of __________, extreme global poverty has declined in recent years.

Production networks for industries that produce commodities such as televisions, automobiles, and computers are termed __________.

After __________, the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" were introduced by social analysts to describe countries in terms of their economic development.

Economic growth and higher incomes in low- and middle-developed nations are not always necessary to bring about improvements in health and education.

Compare theories of uneven development that are associated with functionalism and those associated with conflict theory. Highlight the significant differences.

Nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income are termed __________.

Countries in the __________ have little or no industrialization and the lowest standards of living, shortest life expectancies, and highest rates of mortality.

Throughout the world the countries that have been most successful in moving from low- to middle-income status have been those that are most centrally involved in the global capitalist economy.

The United Nations defines human development as_______________________.

Between 1960 and 2010, the income gap between the richest and poorest countries grew to such an extent that poor countries now receive just $1 for every __________ received by the wealthiest countries.

The World Bank has defined __________ as living on less than $1.25 a day.

After the 1992 U.N. Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, terms such as underdevelopment have largely been dropped and economies are now classified by their __________.

According to the United Nations, the gap in literacy rates between women and men has virtually disappeared.