Exam 4: Attention and Consciousness

Jessica usually puts on perfume in the morning.She has noticed that,although she can smell the perfume on herself immediately after putting it on,she can barely smell it the rest of the day.Yet,others around her can smell her perfume easily.Jessica is showing

Describe the relationship between attention and consciousness.

Most of us have experienced the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon,in which information seems to be stuck at the preconscious level.Describe the phenomenon and outline some method or experiment to study this phenomenon.

Research on attention classifying tasks into verbal and visual or spatial tasks have discovered this about attention.

Describe Neisser's theory concerning the two processes that govern attention.

__________ refers to the process by which particular stimuli activate mental pathways that enhance the ability to process subsequent stimuli related to the initial stimuli in some way.

Describe how an ad campaign might make use of conjunction and feature search.Under which circumstances would one be preferred over the other?

According to signal-detection theory,__________ refer to one of the possible outcomes,in which we correctly identify the absence of a signal.

This model of selective attention suggests that the filter for blocking signals occurs later than sensory processing and allows for both perceptual and conceptual analysis of information to take place.

Compare and contrast Moray's selective filter model and Deutsch and Deutsch's late filter model.What are some of the important differences between the models?

While studying for an exam,Suzanne likes to keep the radio on.She quickly gets used to the music in the background and she scarcely notices it.Yet,if someone changes the loudness,Suzanne becomes aware of the music immediately.This reaction to the change in loudness illustrates

__________ refers to a means of pursuing a quest for a target stimulus by seeking the joint appearance of multiple features that distinguish the target stimulus from distracters.

What does research on attention state about multitasking?

_______________ involves being prepared to focus on incoming information.

__________ refers to the cognitive link between the limited amount of information that we actually manipulate mentally and the enormous amount of information available through our senses,our stored memories,and our other cognitive processes.

__________ refer to features,characteristics,objects,or other stimuli that cause a person difficulty in selectively attending to the desired stimuli.

__________ refers to a main task for which we use our attention,in which we actively seek out particular stimuli.

__________ processing refers to cognitive manipulation that requires no conscious decisions or intentional effort.

Describe automatic and controlled processes.Explain the role that each play in consciousness.

Your child attends a school that requires use of 1 of 4 different uniforms.You lament that it is often difficult to spot your child in the crowd of children.The difficulty is due to a search involving