Exam 4: Attention and Consciousness

According to the __________ theory,the key factor affecting the relative ease or difficulty of visual searches is the degree to which the features of targets and distracters are alike.

Ulric Neisser synthesized the early filter and the late filter models in part by proposing that there are two processes governing attention:

Describe how an MRI works.

According to the __________ theories of attention,people have a fixed amount of attentional resources that they allocate to the perceived task requirements.

__________ presentation refers to the simultaneous presentation of differing audible stimuli (such as verbal messages)to each ear.

_________________ involves being able to select which stimuli to attend to.

How does or how might advertising modify its approach when considering habituation?

This function of attention involves the detection of information of a particular stimulus.

This model combines early-filter and later-filter models by suggesting that there are two Processes,preattentive and attentive,that govern attention.

State what both habituation and sensory adaptation refer to and describe any similarities as well as differences between these two phenomena.Explain.

This attentional dysfunction,typically due to lesions in the parietal lobes,is when a person ignores information from half of their visual field.

Your child attends a school that requires use of 1 of 4 different uniforms.You lament that it is often difficult to spot your child in the crowd of children.On that day it is raining,it is easy to spot the red umbrella that your child uses in the sea of black umbrellas.The search has changed from a _____ to a _____.

Explain how the various theories of selective attention would account for the difficulty in finding Waldo.

__________ processing refers to cognitive processing that requires conscious control and effort that is performed one step at a time.

Explain how a fire alarm system makes uses of elements from signal detection theory.Can you think of any way to make this more effective?

Information about your bedroom,such as the number of windows in it,is often easily pulled from __________ awareness to conscious awareness.

This model of selective attention suggests that while there are multiple channels for sensory input,only one channel is processed while the other channels of information are blocked (filtered).Information from only one channel makes it through the attentional filter.

Tom works at a fish store.When he gets home,his family comments on how strongly he smells.He,in contrast,cannot smell any fish odor at all.This example illustrates the phenomenon of

__________ refers to a main task for which we use our attention,in which we prudently allocate our available attentional resources to engage in more than one task at a time.

According to signal-detection theory,__________ refer to one of the possible outcomes,in which we correctly identify the presence of a signal.