Question 1

Which of these patients is at highest risk of a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A) an obese male age 25 with a serum HDL of 45 mg/dl 
B) an obese female age 25 with a serum HDL of 45 mg/dl 
C) a child living in Bogalusa with poor dietary habits and inactivity 
D) a male smoker age 45 with a poor diet and a family history of heart disease 
E) a female smoker age 45 with a poor diet and a family history of heart disease 
A) an obese male age 25 with a serum HDL of 45 mg/dl 
B) an obese female age 25 with a serum HDL of 45 mg/dl 
C) a child living in Bogalusa with poor dietary habits and inactivity 
D) a male smoker age 45 with a poor diet and a family history of heart disease 
E) a female smoker age 45 with a poor diet and a family history of heart disease D

Question 2

Which dietary fat(s)increase risk of heart disease by increasing serum LDL and reducing HDL?

Accepted Answer

A) partially hydrogenated fatty acids 
B) monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids 
C) fully hydrogenated fatty acids 
D) a high omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio 
E) all sterols and unsaturated fatty acids 
A) partially hydrogenated fatty acids 
B) monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids 
C) fully hydrogenated fatty acids 
D) a high omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio 
E) all sterols and unsaturated fatty acids A

Question 3

According to the National Cholesterol Education Program,individuals on a 2,000-calorie diet who are at risk of cardiovascular should limit their saturated fatty acids to _____ calories.Show your calculation.

Accepted Answer

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that individuals at increased risk of CVD and with high blood cholesterol should limit their saturated fatty to 7% of total daily calorie consumption.
2,000 × 0.07 = 140 calories

Question 4

Which epidemiology study reported greater risk of heart disease in women with high trans fat consumption?

Accepted Answer

A) the Bogalusa Study 
B) the Nurses' Health Study 
C) the obesity belt 
D) the Framingham Heart Study 
E) the Seven Country Study 
A) the Bogalusa Study 
B) the Nurses' Health Study 
C) the obesity belt 
D) the Framingham Heart Study 
E) the Seven Country Study

Question 5

Which was NOT a risk factor for the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Bogalusa study?

Accepted Answer

A) lower education levels in this population 
B) high poverty in this population 
C) older age of this population 
D) starting to smoke at an early age 
E) unhealthy dietary habits 
A) lower education levels in this population 
B) high poverty in this population 
C) older age of this population 
D) starting to smoke at an early age 
E) unhealthy dietary habits

Question 6

Name four dietary lipid recommendations by the American Heart Association to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.Explain how these recommendations reduce cardiovascular risk.

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association (AHA) pro

Question 7

Fruits and vegetables reduce risk of cardiovascular disease by

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing HDL and LDL cholesterol. 
B) increasing HDL and decreasing LDL cholesterol. 
C) decreasing oxidized LDL and blood clotting. 
D) decreasing inflammation. 
E) decreasing circulating triglycerides and total cholesterol. 
A) decreasing HDL and LDL cholesterol. 
B) increasing HDL and decreasing LDL cholesterol. 
C) decreasing oxidized LDL and blood clotting. 
D) decreasing inflammation. 
E) decreasing circulating triglycerides and total cholesterol.

Question 8

Which list contains fatty acids that reduce cardiovascular disease risk?

Accepted Answer

A) omega-3 fatty acids,trans fatty acids,unsaturated fatty acids 
B) omega-3 fatty acids,trans fatty acids,saturated fatty acids 
C) omega-3 fatty acids,EPA,saturated fatty acids 
D) omega-6 fatty acids,omega-3 fatty acids,and hydrogenated oil 
E) monounsaturated fatty acids,EPA,DHA 
A) omega-3 fatty acids,trans fatty acids,unsaturated fatty acids 
B) omega-3 fatty acids,trans fatty acids,saturated fatty acids 
C) omega-3 fatty acids,EPA,saturated fatty acids 
D) omega-6 fatty acids,omega-3 fatty acids,and hydrogenated oil 
E) monounsaturated fatty acids,EPA,DHA

Question 9

The American Heart Association recommends that the maximum omega-6 fatty acid intake while on a 2,000-calorie diet should be _____ calories.Show your calculation.

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association

Question 10

Which measurements are included in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease,but NOT in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) serum triglycerides and HDL 
B) hypertension and HDL 
C) serum total cholesterol and LDL 
D) hypertension and serum triglycerides 
E) excess abdominal fat and serum triglycerides 
A) serum triglycerides and HDL 
B) hypertension and HDL 
C) serum total cholesterol and LDL 
D) hypertension and serum triglycerides 
E) excess abdominal fat and serum triglycerides

Question 11

To lower risk of cardiovascular disease,the American Heart Association recommends total trans fats intake while on a 2,000-calorie diet should be limited to less than _____ calories.Show your calculation.

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association

Question 12

Would you suggest fish or fish oil supplements to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake? Explain your choice?

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association suggests

Question 13

A female patient with prediabetes,serum triglyceride 250 mg/dl,and HDL of 45 mg/dl, LDL 95 mg/dL,and total cholesterol 170 mg/dl would

Accepted Answer

A) be at risk of cardiovascular disease. 
B) have metabolic syndrome. 
C) be at risk of a myocardial infarction. 
D) be at risk of a cerebral stroke. 
E) have hypertension. 
A) be at risk of cardiovascular disease. 
B) have metabolic syndrome. 
C) be at risk of a myocardial infarction. 
D) be at risk of a cerebral stroke. 
E) have hypertension.

Question 14

Cholesterol is transported to body tissue by _____ while _____ removes cholesterol from body tissue and transports cholesterol to the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons and LDL 
B) VLDL and LDL 
C) VLDL and HDL 
D) LDL and HDL 
E) HDL and LDL 
A) chylomicrons and LDL 
B) VLDL and LDL 
C) VLDL and HDL 
D) LDL and HDL 
E) HDL and LDL

Question 15

Which types of fish should be avoided since they may have a high mercury content?

Accepted Answer

A) salmon and tuna 
B) swordfish and king mackerel 
C) anchovies and albacore 
D) anchovies and sardine 
E) trout and tuna 
A) salmon and tuna 
B) swordfish and king mackerel 
C) anchovies and albacore 
D) anchovies and sardine 
E) trout and tuna

Question 16

Which dietary recommendation is NOT included in the therapeutic lifestyle changes program?

Accepted Answer

A) lower intake of saturated fatty acids 
B) increase intake of plant sterols and stanols 
C) increase intake of fish and fish oil supplements 
D) increase intake of soluble fibers 
E) lower intake of cholesterol 
A) lower intake of saturated fatty acids 
B) increase intake of plant sterols and stanols 
C) increase intake of fish and fish oil supplements 
D) increase intake of soluble fibers 
E) lower intake of cholesterol

Question 17

All are factors that increase cardiovascular disease risk,except

Accepted Answer

A) low socioeconomic status. 
B) smoking and drinking alcohol. 
C) aging. 
D) female gender. 
E) sedentary lifestylE. 
A) low socioeconomic status. 
B) smoking and drinking alcohol. 
C) aging. 
D) female gender. 
E) sedentary lifestylE.

Question 18

What was the significance of the discovery of fatty streaks in the arteries of children in the Bogalusa study?

Accepted Answer

Presence of fatty acid streaks in the ar

Question 19

Describe the role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis.

Accepted Answer

Injury to the arterial wall and oxidized

Question 20

An epidemiology study investigating cardiovascular disease development in childhood in A.biracial populations is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the Bogalusa Study. 
B) the Nurses' Health Study. 
C) the Seven Countries Study. 
D) the Framingham Heart Study. 
E) the stroke belt. 
A) the Bogalusa Study. 
B) the Nurses' Health Study. 
C) the Seven Countries Study. 
D) the Framingham Heart Study. 
E) the stroke belt.

Exam 7: Lipids in Health and Disease

Which of these patients is at highest risk of a myocardial infarction?

Which dietary fat(s)increase risk of heart disease by increasing serum LDL and reducing HDL?

According to the National Cholesterol Education Program,individuals on a 2,000-calorie diet who are at risk of cardiovascular should limit their saturated fatty acids to _____ calories.Show your calculation.

Which epidemiology study reported greater risk of heart disease in women with high trans fat consumption?

Which was NOT a risk factor for the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Bogalusa study?

Name four dietary lipid recommendations by the American Heart Association to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.Explain how these recommendations reduce cardiovascular risk.

Fruits and vegetables reduce risk of cardiovascular disease by

Which list contains fatty acids that reduce cardiovascular disease risk?

The American Heart Association recommends that the maximum omega-6 fatty acid intake while on a 2,000-calorie diet should be _____ calories.Show your calculation.

Which measurements are included in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease,but NOT in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?

To lower risk of cardiovascular disease,the American Heart Association recommends total trans fats intake while on a 2,000-calorie diet should be limited to less than _____ calories.Show your calculation.

Would you suggest fish or fish oil supplements to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake? Explain your choice?

A female patient with prediabetes,serum triglyceride 250 mg/dl,and HDL of 45 mg/dl, LDL 95 mg/dL,and total cholesterol 170 mg/dl would

Cholesterol is transported to body tissue by _____ while _____ removes cholesterol from body tissue and transports cholesterol to the liver.

Which types of fish should be avoided since they may have a high mercury content?

Which dietary recommendation is NOT included in the therapeutic lifestyle changes program?

All are factors that increase cardiovascular disease risk,except

What was the significance of the discovery of fatty streaks in the arteries of children in the Bogalusa study?

Describe the role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis.

An epidemiology study investigating cardiovascular disease development in childhood in A.biracial populations is known as

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Cholesterol is transported to body tissue by _ while _ removes cholesterol from body tissue and transports cholesterol to the liver.