Question 1

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. 
B)  decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. 
C)  increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. 
D)  decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. 
E)  hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases. 
A)  decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. 
B)  decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. 
C)  increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. 
D)  decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. 
E)  hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases.

Question 2

Which is not a reason gas exchange is efficient at the blood air barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial pressure differences are substantial. 
B)  Distance is short. 
C)  Surface area is large. 
D)  Gap junctions facilitate fast movement. 
E)  Gases are lipid soluble. 
A)  Partial pressure differences are substantial. 
B)  Distance is short. 
C)  Surface area is large. 
D)  Gap junctions facilitate fast movement. 
E)  Gases are lipid soluble.

Question 3

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________cartilages.

Accepted Answer

A)  cricothyroid 
B)  innominate 
C)  cuneiform 
D)  corniculate 
E)  arytenoid 
A)  cricothyroid 
B)  innominate 
C)  cuneiform 
D)  corniculate 
E)  arytenoid

Question 4

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles has what effect on respiratory rate,elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and arterial PCO2? (Figure 23-26)

Accepted Answer

A)  increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial PCO2 
B)  increased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial PCO2 
C)  increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial PCO2 
D)  decreased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial PCO2 
E)  decreased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial PCO2 
A)  increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial PCO2 
B)  increased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial PCO2 
C)  increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial PCO2 
D)  decreased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial PCO2 
E)  decreased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial PCO2

Question 5

During quiet breathing,

Accepted Answer

A)  only the internal intercostal muscles contract. 
B)  inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive. 
C)  inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions. 
D)  both inspiration and expiration are passive. 
E)  both inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions. 
A)  only the internal intercostal muscles contract. 
B)  inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive. 
C)  inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions. 
D)  both inspiration and expiration are passive. 
E)  both inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.

Question 6

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
  
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "2."

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory organ 
B)  oropharynx 
C)  nasopharynx 
D)  internal nares 
E)  nasal sinus 
A)  olfactory organ 
B)  oropharynx 
C)  nasopharynx 
D)  internal nares 
E)  nasal sinus

Question 7

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. 
B)  less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. 
C)  equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. 
D)  equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low. 
E)  equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is high. 
A)  greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. 
B)  less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. 
C)  equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. 
D)  equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low. 
E)  equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is high.

Question 8

Air that remains in conducting passages and doesn't participate in gas exchange is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity. 
B)  minimal volume. 
C)  residual volume. 
D)  functional residual capacity. 
E)  anatomic dead space. 
A)  vital capacity. 
B)  minimal volume. 
C)  residual volume. 
D)  functional residual capacity. 
E)  anatomic dead space.

Question 9

A condition that increases lung compliance is

Accepted Answer

A)  lung cancer. 
B)  respiratory distress syndrome. 
C)  loss of surfactant. 
D)  emphysema. 
E)  pneumothorax. 
A)  lung cancer. 
B)  respiratory distress syndrome. 
C)  loss of surfactant. 
D)  emphysema. 
E)  pneumothorax.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
B)  Tracheal cartilages prevent tracheal collapse. 
C)  It contains many mucous glands. 
D)  It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system. 
E)  It is completely wrapped in smooth muscle. 
A)  It is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
B)  Tracheal cartilages prevent tracheal collapse. 
C)  It contains many mucous glands. 
D)  It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system. 
E)  It is completely wrapped in smooth muscle.

Question 11

The most superior portion of the lung is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  base. 
B)  apex. 
C)  cardiac notch. 
D)  hilus. 
E)  epipleurium. 
A)  base. 
B)  apex. 
C)  cardiac notch. 
D)  hilus. 
E)  epipleurium.

Question 12

As an astronaut is lifted into Earth's orbit, what is the first change to take place in response to thedrop in cabin pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased hematocrit 
B)  renal hypoxia 
C)  increased alveolar ventilation rate 
D)  decreased alveolar PO2 
E)  decreased hemoglobin saturation 
A)  increased hematocrit 
B)  renal hypoxia 
C)  increased alveolar ventilation rate 
D)  decreased alveolar PO2 
E)  decreased hemoglobin saturation

Question 13

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

Accepted Answer

A)  conducting 
B)  exchange 
C)  respiratory 
D)  sinus 
E)  primary 
A)  conducting 
B)  exchange 
C)  respiratory 
D)  sinus 
E)  primary

Question 14

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchioles. 
B)  terminal bronchioles. 
C)  spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura. 
D)  blood air barrier of the alveoli. 
E)  interlobular septa. 
A)  bronchioles. 
B)  terminal bronchioles. 
C)  spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura. 
D)  blood air barrier of the alveoli. 
E)  interlobular septa.

Question 15

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus?

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscle cells 
B)  pneumocytes Type I 
C)  pneumocytes Type II 
D)  pneumocytes Type I and Type II 
E)  alveolar macrophages 
A)  smooth muscle cells 
B)  pneumocytes Type I 
C)  pneumocytes Type II 
D)  pneumocytes Type I and Type II 
E)  alveolar macrophages

Question 16

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  apneustic 
B)  pneumotaxic 
C)  DRG and VRG 
D)  expiratory 
E)  ventral respiratory 
A)  apneustic 
B)  pneumotaxic 
C)  DRG and VRG 
D)  expiratory 
E)  ventral respiratory

Question 17

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  bicarbonate ion. 
D)  sodium ion. 
E)  hemoglobin. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  bicarbonate ion. 
D)  sodium ion. 
E)  hemoglobin.

Question 18

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic mutation in cilia production. 
B)  laryngospasms. 
C)  thick secretions that are difficult to transport. 
D)  lack of neural control of respiration. 
E)  reduced mucus secretions in the trachea. 
A)  genetic mutation in cilia production. 
B)  laryngospasms. 
C)  thick secretions that are difficult to transport. 
D)  lack of neural control of respiration. 
E)  reduced mucus secretions in the trachea.

Question 19

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?

Accepted Answer

A)  accessory muscle of expiration 
B)  accessory muscle of inspiration 
C)  primary muscle of inspiration 
D)  primary muscle of expiration 
E)  an accessory muscle for both expiration and inspiration 
A)  accessory muscle of expiration 
B)  accessory muscle of inspiration 
C)  primary muscle of inspiration 
D)  primary muscle of expiration 
E)  an accessory muscle for both expiration and inspiration

Question 20

The most common unit of measurement for measuring pulmonary pressures is

Accepted Answer

A)  mm Hg. 
B)  torr. 
C)  cm H2O. 
D)  psi. 
E)  centigrade. 
A)  mm Hg. 
B)  torr. 
C)  cm H2O. 
D)  psi. 
E)  centigrade.

Exam 23: The Respiratory System

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

Which is not a reason gas exchange is efficient at the blood air barrier?

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________cartilages.

In-Text Figure Based Questions -Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles has what effect on respiratory rate,elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and arterial PCO2? (Figure 23-26)

During quiet breathing,

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "2."

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is

Air that remains in conducting passages and doesn't participate in gas exchange is termed

A condition that increases lung compliance is

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

The most superior portion of the lung is called the

As an astronaut is lifted into Earth's orbit, what is the first change to take place in response to thedrop in cabin pressure?

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus?

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s).

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?

The most common unit of measurement for measuring pulmonary pressures is

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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