Question 1

External respiration involves the

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of air into and out of the lungs. 
B)  diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the external environment. 
C)  exchange of dissolved gases between the cells and interstitial fluids. 
D)  binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. 
E)  utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism. 
A)  movement of air into and out of the lungs. 
B)  diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the external environment. 
C)  exchange of dissolved gases between the cells and interstitial fluids. 
D)  binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. 
E)  utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

Question 2

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
  
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions:
-How does the pressure "P4" at label "4" compare to the pressure "P5" at label "5"?

Accepted Answer

A)  P4 is higher than P5 during inhalation and then lower during exhalation. 
B)  P4 is always higher than P5. 
C)  P4 is always lower than P5. 
D)  P4 always equals P5. 
E)  P4 is lower than P5 during inhalation and then higher during exhalation. 
A)  P4 is higher than P5 during inhalation and then lower during exhalation. 
B)  P4 is always higher than P5. 
C)  P4 is always lower than P5. 
D)  P4 always equals P5. 
E)  P4 is lower than P5 during inhalation and then higher during exhalation.

Question 3

The thyroid cartilage is also called the

Accepted Answer

A)  vestibular fold. 
B)  vocal cord. 
C)  laryngeal prominence. 
D)  Adam's apple. 
E)  laryngeal prominence and Adam's apple. 
A)  vestibular fold. 
B)  vocal cord. 
C)  laryngeal prominence. 
D)  Adam's apple. 
E)  laryngeal prominence and Adam's apple.

Question 4

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

Accepted Answer

A)  epiglottis 
B)  cuneiform 
C)  corniculate 
D)  cricoid 
E)  arytenoid 
A)  epiglottis 
B)  cuneiform 
C)  corniculate 
D)  cricoid 
E)  arytenoid

Question 5

The flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  uvula. 
B)  soft palate. 
C)  epiglottis. 
D)  thyroid cartilage. 
E)  cricoid cartilage. 
A)  uvula. 
B)  soft palate. 
C)  epiglottis. 
D)  thyroid cartilage. 
E)  cricoid cartilage.

Question 6

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems. 
B)  The nasopharynx is superior. 
C)  The oropharynx connects to oral cavity. 
D)  The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening. 
E)  Solids, liquids, and gases pass through. 
A)  It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems. 
B)  The nasopharynx is superior. 
C)  The oropharynx connects to oral cavity. 
D)  The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening. 
E)  Solids, liquids, and gases pass through.

Question 7

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the

Accepted Answer

A)  PO2 of the alveoli. 
B)  PCO2 of the blood. 
C)  thickness of the respiratory membrane. 
D)  PN2 of the alveoli. 
E)  solubility of oxygen in plasma. 
A)  PO2 of the alveoli. 
B)  PCO2 of the blood. 
C)  thickness of the respiratory membrane. 
D)  PN2 of the alveoli. 
E)  solubility of oxygen in plasma.

Question 8

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 cm; 15-20 
B)  1.0 cm; 10-15 
C)  2.5 cm; 15-20 
D)  2.5 cm; 40-50 
E)  4.5 cm; 60-80 
A)  1.0 cm; 15-20 
B)  1.0 cm; 10-15 
C)  2.5 cm; 15-20 
D)  2.5 cm; 40-50 
E)  4.5 cm; 60-80

Question 9

Which respiratory organ has a cardiac notch?

Accepted Answer

A)  right lung 
B)  left lung 
C)  right primary bronchus 
D)  left primary bronchus 
E)  diaphragm 
A)  right lung 
B)  left lung 
C)  right primary bronchus 
D)  left primary bronchus 
E)  diaphragm

Question 10

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory minute volume 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  expiratory reserve volume 
D)  anatomical dead space 
E)  forced vital capacity 
A)  respiratory minute volume 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  expiratory reserve volume 
D)  anatomical dead space 
E)  forced vital capacity

Question 11

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

Accepted Answer

A)  solute dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  bicarbonate ions. 
D)  solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. 
E)  carbonic acid. 
A)  solute dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  bicarbonate ions. 
D)  solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. 
E)  carbonic acid.

Question 12

The ligament bridging the larynx with the trachea is the ________ ligament.

Accepted Answer

A)  cricoid 
B)  thyrohyoid 
C)  vestibular 
D)  cricothyroid 
E)  cricotracheal 
A)  cricoid 
B)  thyrohyoid 
C)  vestibular 
D)  cricothyroid 
E)  cricotracheal

Question 13

When does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  during external respiration 
B)  immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood 
C)  when the chloride shift occurs 
D)  during pulmonary ventilation 
E)  during internal respiration 
A)  during external respiration 
B)  immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood 
C)  when the chloride shift occurs 
D)  during pulmonary ventilation 
E)  during internal respiration

Question 14

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid cartilage. 
B)  cricoid cartilage. 
C)  corniculate cartilage. 
D)  cuneiform cartilage. 
E)  epiglottis. 
A)  thyroid cartilage. 
B)  cricoid cartilage. 
C)  corniculate cartilage. 
D)  cuneiform cartilage. 
E)  epiglottis.

Question 15

The respiratory mucosa consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue. 
B)  dense irregular connective and adipose tissue. 
C)  ciliated stratified squamous and columnar cells. 
D)  fibrocartilage and mucous cells. 
E)  dense regular connective and areolar tissue. 
A)  epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue. 
B)  dense irregular connective and adipose tissue. 
C)  ciliated stratified squamous and columnar cells. 
D)  fibrocartilage and mucous cells. 
E)  dense regular connective and areolar tissue.

Question 16

The vocal folds are located within the

Accepted Answer

A)  nasopharynx. 
B)  oropharynx. 
C)  larynx. 
D)  trachea. 
E)  bronchi. 
A)  nasopharynx. 
B)  oropharynx. 
C)  larynx. 
D)  trachea. 
E)  bronchi.

Question 17

A pneumothorax typically causes

Accepted Answer

A)  COPD. 
B)  emphysema. 
C)  atelectasis. 
D)  loss of surfactant. 
E)  elevated intrapulmonary pressure. 
A)  COPD. 
B)  emphysema. 
C)  atelectasis. 
D)  loss of surfactant. 
E)  elevated intrapulmonary pressure.

Question 18

The apneustic centers of the pons

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. 
B)  provide stimulation to the inspiratory center. 
C)  monitor blood gas levels. 
D)  alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. 
E)  generate the gasp reflex. 
A)  inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. 
B)  provide stimulation to the inspiratory center. 
C)  monitor blood gas levels. 
D)  alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. 
E)  generate the gasp reflex.

Question 19

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrochloric acid. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  carbaminohemoglobin. 
E)  nitric acid. 
A)  hydrochloric acid. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  carbaminohemoglobin. 
E)  nitric acid.

Question 20

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the

Accepted Answer

A)  PCO2 should be high. 
B)  pH should be slightly acidic. 
C)  PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg. 
D)  BPG levels in the red blood cells should be high. 
E)  PO2 should be as high as possible. 
A)  PCO2 should be high. 
B)  pH should be slightly acidic. 
C)  PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg. 
D)  BPG levels in the red blood cells should be high. 
E)  PO2 should be as high as possible.

Exam 23: The Respiratory System

External respiration involves the

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: -How does the pressure "P4" at label "4" compare to the pressure "P5" at label "5"?

The thyroid cartilage is also called the

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

The flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

Which respiratory organ has a cardiac notch?

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

The ligament bridging the larynx with the trachea is the ________ ligament.

When does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration?

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

The respiratory mucosa consists of

The vocal folds are located within the

A pneumothorax typically causes

The apneustic centers of the pons

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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The adult human trachea is about in diameter and contains tracheal cartilages.