Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

________ are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are ascribed to all members of the group, regardless of within-group variations.

As the only African American in his class, LaMonte tends to worry about committing errors because he does not want his white counterparts to think that all African Americans are intellectually inferior.LaMonte is experiencing

Researchers (Rogers & Prentice-Dunn, 1981) conducted a Milgram study in which participants believed they were either shocking a White or an African-American "learner." The pattern of the results for African-American learners can be best described as:

Why does the jigsaw classroom yield such positive results with regard to self-esteem, achievement, and positive informal contact between children of various racial and ethnic groups?

At work, Julie is often told, "Get out of the way, this is man's work, little woman." Her coworkers will often belittle her when she makes a tiny mistake, but let it slide when another man makes a similar mistake.Julie is experiencing ________ sexism.

Researchers presented participants with just one or two examples of information that strongly challenged their pre-existing stereotypes.These researchers found that, when presented with just one or two examples that challenge a strongly held stereotype, people

A number of colleges, universities, and corporations are encouraged to hire equally qualified women and minorities for high status positions.In support of this practice, some argue that the paucity of women and minorities inadvertently communicates to students and workers that members of these groups are not as competent or worthy of consideration.In essence, those who support the diversification of the workforce point to ________ as a source of negative stereotypes and prejudice.

Some would argue that the stereotype that African Americans are athletic is flattering.Which of the following is one reason why it is abusive?

One reason why logical arguments often fail to change stereotypes is that they are emotion-based arguments.The other reason is that

"Like them better." "Give more rewards to them." "Believe they are more pleasant." All these describe

In a typical classroom, informal contact between students is often called "talking to your neighbor" and is discouraged.This violates which precondition for the reduction of prejudice and hostility between students? Contact must occur in

Researchers (Kunda & Oleson, 1997) presented people with one or two examples that countered people's strongly held stereotypes and found that some people actually strengthened their belief in the stereotype when confronted with such disconfirmations.According to the researchers, this occurred because the people

According to some research, the degree of ________ prejudice has declined, but the degree of ________ prejudice keeps it alive under the surface.

What is the Implicit Association Test and how does it work to identify implicit prejudices?

Suppose that Herman is prejudiced toward members of Group A.Increasing Herman's contact with Group A is most likely to reduce his prejudice if

"Overestimators" versus "Underestimators," blue eyes versus brown eyes, and tall versus short all represent meaningless criteria by which to

Thurgood Marshall is known as a former Supreme Court justice.Yet he made other important contributions to policies related to prejudice, including

Although psychologists usually refer to stereotypes only in a ________ sense, it is possible for a person to have a ________ stereotype about a particular group.

Recall that Bridgeman (1981) conducted an experiment with ten-year-old children, half of whom had previously had two months' experience in a jigsaw classroom.In this experiment, she showed the youngsters a cartoon in which a little boy waves goodbye to his father at the airport, receives a package from the postman, and bursts into tears upon finding out that it contains a toy plane.Children who had two months' experience in the jigsaw groups were more likely than the control group to say that the

One of your friends holds very negative stereotypes about Ugandans.Which of the following is the best way to change your friend's stereotypes?