Question 1

Why might audience costs affect the possibility of war?

Accepted Answer

A) The states in a dispute may decide to hold secret negotiations so that privileged information will not become public. 
B) Members of the United Nations Security Council may feel peer pressure to vote in favor of an intervention to prevent war. 
C) An elected leader may make a threat and be compelled to carry it out in order to get reelected. 
D) A state might be delayed in beginning a war,because other countries may compel it to have the dispute heard by the World Court. 
E) Third-party countries observing a conflict may decide to become involved. 
A) The states in a dispute may decide to hold secret negotiations so that privileged information will not become public. 
B) Members of the United Nations Security Council may feel peer pressure to vote in favor of an intervention to prevent war. 
C) An elected leader may make a threat and be compelled to carry it out in order to get reelected. 
D) A state might be delayed in beginning a war,because other countries may compel it to have the dispute heard by the World Court. 
E) Third-party countries observing a conflict may decide to become involved.

Question 2

Why is bargaining over future power especially difficult in international relations?

Accepted Answer

A) States do not have reasonable expectations about the future power distribution. 
B) States have secret sources of power that cannot be observed. 
C) It is impossible to verify if a state is abiding by such an agreement. 
D) A state cannot make a credible commitment to not use increased power to make further demands. 
E) A state will make up the power loss by forming new alliances and engaging in other risky decisions instead. 
A) States do not have reasonable expectations about the future power distribution. 
B) States have secret sources of power that cannot be observed. 
C) It is impossible to verify if a state is abiding by such an agreement. 
D) A state cannot make a credible commitment to not use increased power to make further demands. 
E) A state will make up the power loss by forming new alliances and engaging in other risky decisions instead.

Question 3

A state's resolve consists of the:

Accepted Answer

A) length of time it has spent negotiating with its opponents. 
B) outcome of protracted negotiations. 
C) superiority of its armaments. 
D) quality of its military leadership. 
E) willingness of a state to bear the costs of war in order to achieve its goal. 
A) length of time it has spent negotiating with its opponents. 
B) outcome of protracted negotiations. 
C) superiority of its armaments. 
D) quality of its military leadership. 
E) willingness of a state to bear the costs of war in order to achieve its goal.

Question 4

All of the following are reasons that it is difficult to know how likely an adversary is to go to war EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) information is often incomplete. 
B) many actors have private information. 
C) determining the capability of an adversary is difficult. 
D) keeping international organizations from getting involved in disputes is difficult. 
E) discerning the resolve of an opponent is difficult. 
A) information is often incomplete. 
B) many actors have private information. 
C) determining the capability of an adversary is difficult. 
D) keeping international organizations from getting involved in disputes is difficult. 
E) discerning the resolve of an opponent is difficult.

Question 5

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Accepted Answer

A) The German plan to avoid fighting a war simultaneously with France and Russia. 
B) The German plan to retake the Rhineland by bluffing. 
C) The Austrian plan to punish Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 
D) The Swiss plan to remain neutral during World War II. 
E) The Belgian plan to destroy key bridges to prevent a German attack. 
A) The German plan to avoid fighting a war simultaneously with France and Russia. 
B) The German plan to retake the Rhineland by bluffing. 
C) The Austrian plan to punish Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 
D) The Swiss plan to remain neutral during World War II. 
E) The Belgian plan to destroy key bridges to prevent a German attack.

Question 6

What is the difference between compellence and deterrence? Give an example of each (it can be from history or fictional)to illustrate the difference.

Accepted Answer

Compellence and deterrence are both stra

Question 7

Which of the following territorial reasons is LEAST likely to lead to an interstate war?

Accepted Answer

A) The population of one state has ethnic ties to land controlled by another state. 
B) The land in dispute has large oil reserves that either state could use. 
C) The states depend primarily on agricultural production. 
D) The land includes access to a river that is important for regional trade. 
E) A key mountain pass in the territory would make invasion of either state easier. 
A) The population of one state has ethnic ties to land controlled by another state. 
B) The land in dispute has large oil reserves that either state could use. 
C) The states depend primarily on agricultural production. 
D) The land includes access to a river that is important for regional trade. 
E) A key mountain pass in the territory would make invasion of either state easier.

Question 8

Once the Soviet Union and the United States acquired large supplies of nuclear weapons,the chances of a direct military conflict between the two decreased.This is an example of which way that we can reduce the likelihood of war occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing the costs of going to war. 
B) Increasing transparency. 
C) Outside enforcement of commitments. 
D) Increasing the number of actors involved in a conflict. 
E) Dividing apparently indivisible goods. 
A) Increasing the costs of going to war. 
B) Increasing transparency. 
C) Outside enforcement of commitments. 
D) Increasing the number of actors involved in a conflict. 
E) Dividing apparently indivisible goods.

Question 9

Why do states fight wars?

Accepted Answer

A) Most states are inherently aggressive. 
B) They value something more than the cost of war and cannot come to an agreement. 
C) They have too much information about other states and realize they could win. 
D) War restores the status quo. 
E) They disagree over the rules of war. 
A) Most states are inherently aggressive. 
B) They value something more than the cost of war and cannot come to an agreement. 
C) They have too much information about other states and realize they could win. 
D) War restores the status quo. 
E) They disagree over the rules of war.

Question 10

What is a first-strike advantage?

Accepted Answer

A) The benefits to a state of being the first to attack. 
B) A state's ability to repel a surprise attack by another state. 
C) The tendency of smaller states to attack larger states first. 
D) The name given to the aggressor in a conflict. 
E) A state has an incentive to wait for another state to initiate a war. 
A) The benefits to a state of being the first to attack. 
B) A state's ability to repel a surprise attack by another state. 
C) The tendency of smaller states to attack larger states first. 
D) The name given to the aggressor in a conflict. 
E) A state has an incentive to wait for another state to initiate a war.

Question 11

A state's capabilities comprise all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the number of troops that a state can mobilize. 
B) the quality of its armaments. 
C) its willingness to suffer many battle deaths in order to win a war. 
D) its economic resources. 
E) the number of other states that will ally with the state. 
A) the number of troops that a state can mobilize. 
B) the quality of its armaments. 
C) its willingness to suffer many battle deaths in order to win a war. 
D) its economic resources. 
E) the number of other states that will ally with the state.

Question 12

In the figure,what do the words "Bargaining Range" represent?

Accepted Answer

A) The costs of war to state A plus the value of war to state B. 
B) The set of deals to which state A will agree. 
C) The set of deals to which both states will agree. 
D) The set of deals to which state B will agree. 
E) The costs of war to state B plus the value of war to state A. 
A) The costs of war to state A plus the value of war to state B. 
B) The set of deals to which state A will agree. 
C) The set of deals to which both states will agree. 
D) The set of deals to which state B will agree. 
E) The costs of war to state B plus the value of war to state A.

Question 13

Why might an apparently indivisible good actually be divisible?

Accepted Answer

A) No goods are completely indivisible-there are ways to divide any goods. 
B) The good concerned is territory,which is difficult to divide. 
C) States are willing to ruin an indivisible good by splitting it rather than allow another state to win the whole good. 
D) Sometimes states falsely claim that a desired object is indivisible in order to strengthen their bargaining positions. 
E) Sometimes leaders think an asset like future military power is indivisible,because of misperception. 
A) No goods are completely indivisible-there are ways to divide any goods. 
B) The good concerned is territory,which is difficult to divide. 
C) States are willing to ruin an indivisible good by splitting it rather than allow another state to win the whole good. 
D) Sometimes states falsely claim that a desired object is indivisible in order to strengthen their bargaining positions. 
E) Sometimes leaders think an asset like future military power is indivisible,because of misperception.

Question 14

Why would a state go to war to change another state's regime?

Accepted Answer

A) A state would not attempt to change another state's regime,because that would be a violation of its sovereignty. 
B) International law allows states to attack another state whose government makes threats against its neighbors. 
C) War is the only way democratic states can change authoritarian regimes into representative governments. 
D) States will use war,when possible,to remove a regime in another country that is hostile to it. 
E) A state would change a regime that refused to trade with other states. 
A) A state would not attempt to change another state's regime,because that would be a violation of its sovereignty. 
B) International law allows states to attack another state whose government makes threats against its neighbors. 
C) War is the only way democratic states can change authoritarian regimes into representative governments. 
D) States will use war,when possible,to remove a regime in another country that is hostile to it. 
E) A state would change a regime that refused to trade with other states.

Question 15

Which of the following describes a crisis?

Accepted Answer

A) A state rejects an international agreement that most other states have ratified. 
B) A state threatens military force to achieve its bargaining goals. 
C) Two states decide to bargain over territory that both claim. 
D) A weaker state has to bargain with a stronger state. 
E) International organizations have to mediate a dispute between two states. 
A) A state rejects an international agreement that most other states have ratified. 
B) A state threatens military force to achieve its bargaining goals. 
C) Two states decide to bargain over territory that both claim. 
D) A weaker state has to bargain with a stronger state. 
E) International organizations have to mediate a dispute between two states.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an indivisible good?

Accepted Answer

A) Whether a state has nuclear weapons. 
B) Control of a mountain range. 
C) Access to an oil field on the border of two states. 
D) Clean drinking water. 
E) Revenue from selling goods and services. 
A) Whether a state has nuclear weapons. 
B) Control of a mountain range. 
C) Access to an oil field on the border of two states. 
D) Clean drinking water. 
E) Revenue from selling goods and services.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of extended deterrence?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States threatened to attack Moscow if the Soviet Union attacked West Germany. 
B) The United States threatened to retaliate with nuclear weapons if the Soviet Union attacked New York. 
C) West Germany threatened to attack East Germany if the Soviet Union tried to block the railroads and highways connecting West Germany to West Berlin. 
D) France obtained its own nuclear weapons,so that it could retaliate if the Soviet Union attacked Paris. 
E) China threatened to attack if the United States entered China from North Korea. 
A) The United States threatened to attack Moscow if the Soviet Union attacked West Germany. 
B) The United States threatened to retaliate with nuclear weapons if the Soviet Union attacked New York. 
C) West Germany threatened to attack East Germany if the Soviet Union tried to block the railroads and highways connecting West Germany to West Berlin. 
D) France obtained its own nuclear weapons,so that it could retaliate if the Soviet Union attacked Paris. 
E) China threatened to attack if the United States entered China from North Korea.

Question 18

A state that provokes a crisis would most prefer:

Accepted Answer

A) to go to war to achieve its goals. 
B) that the other state capitulate completely. 
C) that the other side agree to negotiations over the dispute. 
D) that an international organization would agree to mediate the dispute. 
E) that a more powerful country intervene in the dispute. 
A) to go to war to achieve its goals. 
B) that the other state capitulate completely. 
C) that the other side agree to negotiations over the dispute. 
D) that an international organization would agree to mediate the dispute. 
E) that a more powerful country intervene in the dispute.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a civil war?

Accepted Answer

A) North and South Korea going to war in the 1950s. 
B) The war against Al-Qaeda and radical Islamic terrorist groups. 
C) World War I. 
D) Armed conflict between FARC guerrillas and the Colombian national army. 
E) The UN-sanctioned intervention to stop Iraq from taking over Kuwait. 
A) North and South Korea going to war in the 1950s. 
B) The war against Al-Qaeda and radical Islamic terrorist groups. 
C) World War I. 
D) Armed conflict between FARC guerrillas and the Colombian national army. 
E) The UN-sanctioned intervention to stop Iraq from taking over Kuwait.

Question 20

Which country has the United States NOT tried to convince to abandon its weapons of mass destruction (WMD)programs in recent years?

Accepted Answer

A) China. 
B) Libya. 
C) North Korea. 
D) Iraq. 
E) Iran. 
A) China. 
B) Libya. 
C) North Korea. 
D) Iraq. 
E) Iran.

Why might audience costs affect the possibility of war?

Why is bargaining over future power especially difficult in international relations?

A state's resolve consists of the:

All of the following are reasons that it is difficult to know how likely an adversary is to go to war EXCEPT:

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

What is the difference between compellence and deterrence? Give an example of each (it can be from history or fictional)to illustrate the difference.

Which of the following territorial reasons is LEAST likely to lead to an interstate war?

Once the Soviet Union and the United States acquired large supplies of nuclear weapons,the chances of a direct military conflict between the two decreased.This is an example of which way that we can reduce the likelihood of war occurring?

Why do states fight wars?

What is a first-strike advantage?

A state's capabilities comprise all of the following EXCEPT:

In the figure,what do the words "Bargaining Range" represent?

Why might an apparently indivisible good actually be divisible?

Why would a state go to war to change another state's regime?

Which of the following describes a crisis?

Which of the following is an example of an indivisible good?

Which of the following is an example of extended deterrence?

A state that provokes a crisis would most prefer:

Which of the following is an example of a civil war?

Which country has the United States NOT tried to convince to abandon its weapons of mass destruction (WMD)programs in recent years?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 4: Why Are There Wars

Why might audience costs affect the possibility of war?

Why is bargaining over future power especially difficult in international relations?

A state's resolve consists of the:

All of the following are reasons that it is difficult to know how likely an adversary is to go to war EXCEPT:

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

What is the difference between compellence and deterrence? Give an example of each (it can be from history or fictional)to illustrate the difference.

Which of the following territorial reasons is LEAST likely to lead to an interstate war?

Once the Soviet Union and the United States acquired large supplies of nuclear weapons,the chances of a direct military conflict between the two decreased.This is an example of which way that we can reduce the likelihood of war occurring?

Why do states fight wars?

What is a first-strike advantage?

A state's capabilities comprise all of the following EXCEPT:

In the figure,what do the words "Bargaining Range" represent?

Why might an apparently indivisible good actually be divisible?

Why would a state go to war to change another state's regime?

Which of the following describes a crisis?

Which of the following is an example of an indivisible good?

Which of the following is an example of extended deterrence?

A state that provokes a crisis would most prefer:

Which of the following is an example of a civil war?

Which country has the United States NOT tried to convince to abandon its weapons of mass destruction (WMD)programs in recent years?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters