Question 1

Which of the following best describes how the military can influence decision making?

Accepted Answer

A) Leaders of democratic countries largely ignore the military. 
B) The military has the most credible information about a country's own capabilities. 
C) The military strongly advocates a policy of "shoot first,gather intelligence later." 
D) A military is only influential in democracies and has little influence in other types of regimes. 
E) Typically the military keeps its contingency plans secret from the leader,so that the information is not leaked to enemies. 
A) Leaders of democratic countries largely ignore the military. 
B) The military has the most credible information about a country's own capabilities. 
C) The military strongly advocates a policy of "shoot first,gather intelligence later." 
D) A military is only influential in democracies and has little influence in other types of regimes. 
E) Typically the military keeps its contingency plans secret from the leader,so that the information is not leaked to enemies. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about military actors is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Military officers always advocate military solutions to international conflicts,because they are predisposed to war. 
B) Military officers can be reluctant to advocate war,because they are more appreciative of the costs of war than civilian actors. 
C) Military officers usually advocate war as a solution to international conflicts,because they always overestimate the strength of their own troops. 
D) Military officers are reluctant to advocate war unless their forces are part of larger international coalitions. 
E) Military officers tend to advocate war because,as officers,they are usually not in danger during battles. 
A) Military officers always advocate military solutions to international conflicts,because they are predisposed to war. 
B) Military officers can be reluctant to advocate war,because they are more appreciative of the costs of war than civilian actors. 
C) Military officers usually advocate war as a solution to international conflicts,because they always overestimate the strength of their own troops. 
D) Military officers are reluctant to advocate war unless their forces are part of larger international coalitions. 
E) Military officers tend to advocate war because,as officers,they are usually not in danger during battles. B

Question 3

All of the following are reasons for doubting the democratic peace EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) democratic states may not have had a chance to fight with each other in the nineteenth century,because there were few democracies at that time. 
B) the major democratic states did not go to war against each other during the nineteenth century,but they did experience many crises that nearly led to war over colonies. 
C) too many democracies have actually fought against each other since the end of World War II to find the theory believable. 
D) democratic states in the twentieth century may not have fought with each other because they were allied against a more powerful nondemocratic enemy. 
E) rather than democracy causing peace,some other factor may cause both democracy and peace. 
A) democratic states may not have had a chance to fight with each other in the nineteenth century,because there were few democracies at that time. 
B) the major democratic states did not go to war against each other during the nineteenth century,but they did experience many crises that nearly led to war over colonies. 
C) too many democracies have actually fought against each other since the end of World War II to find the theory believable. 
D) democratic states in the twentieth century may not have fought with each other because they were allied against a more powerful nondemocratic enemy. 
E) rather than democracy causing peace,some other factor may cause both democracy and peace. C

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a national interest?

Accepted Answer

A) The desire of important corporations to make a profit. 
B) The aspiration of the armed forces to create a larger military organization. 
C) The need for a country to maintain economic growth. 
D) The need for a company to expand its oil exploration. 
E) The expectation of the public that public officials will pay attention to its needs. 
A) The desire of important corporations to make a profit. 
B) The aspiration of the armed forces to create a larger military organization. 
C) The need for a country to maintain economic growth. 
D) The need for a company to expand its oil exploration. 
E) The expectation of the public that public officials will pay attention to its needs.

Question 5

Which of the following countries would be considered a liberal democracy?

Accepted Answer

A) A country with a democratically elected government that prohibits religious minorities from holding public office. 
B) A country with a democratically elected government that gives a particular ethnic minority a preference when hiring public workers. 
C) A country with a democratically elected government that creates a media consulting board to ban stories that unfairly criticize public officials. 
D) A democracy that limits the number of political parties that can form,in order to reduce confusion for the voters. 
E) A democracy that allows newspapers and television news to publish stories that are sometimes inaccurate. 
A) A country with a democratically elected government that prohibits religious minorities from holding public office. 
B) A country with a democratically elected government that gives a particular ethnic minority a preference when hiring public workers. 
C) A country with a democratically elected government that creates a media consulting board to ban stories that unfairly criticize public officials. 
D) A democracy that limits the number of political parties that can form,in order to reduce confusion for the voters. 
E) A democracy that allows newspapers and television news to publish stories that are sometimes inaccurate.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of the rally-round-the-flag effect?

Accepted Answer

A) A leader begins a war to show how patriotic he or she is. 
B) A leader begins a war to reclaim territory that has historically belonged to his or her country. 
C) The citizens of a country pressure the government to go to war,even when its leaders are reluctant to do so. 
D) The citizens of a country unite to support their country when a dramatic international event occurs. 
E) The citizens of a country unite to reduce immigration and foreign involvement. 
A) A leader begins a war to show how patriotic he or she is. 
B) A leader begins a war to reclaim territory that has historically belonged to his or her country. 
C) The citizens of a country pressure the government to go to war,even when its leaders are reluctant to do so. 
D) The citizens of a country unite to support their country when a dramatic international event occurs. 
E) The citizens of a country unite to reduce immigration and foreign involvement.

Question 7

Countries that restrict competition in elections such that one party is almost assured of victory are considered:

Accepted Answer

A) liberal democratic. 
B) nondemocratic. 
C) free market. 
D) bureaucratic. 
E) accountable. 
A) liberal democratic. 
B) nondemocratic. 
C) free market. 
D) bureaucratic. 
E) accountable.

Question 8

What does the expression "where you stand depends on where you sit" mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The power of a state depends on its geographic location. 
B) An adviser's bias becomes more obvious when the adviser takes a strong position on an issue. 
C) The status of a bureaucratic agency depends on the quality of its offices. 
D) The power of an adviser is reflected by how close the actor sits to the leader in important meetings. 
E) Leaders of bureaucratic agencies often advocate policies that reflect their organizations' needs. 
A) The power of a state depends on its geographic location. 
B) An adviser's bias becomes more obvious when the adviser takes a strong position on an issue. 
C) The status of a bureaucratic agency depends on the quality of its offices. 
D) The power of an adviser is reflected by how close the actor sits to the leader in important meetings. 
E) Leaders of bureaucratic agencies often advocate policies that reflect their organizations' needs.

Question 9

What is the rally effect? What causes it? Do you believe leaders purposefully change their behavior to cause a rally effect? Why might they or might they not do so?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the rally effect? What causes...

Question 10

What was the military-industrial complex that U.S.president Dwight Eisenhower warned about?

Accepted Answer

A) A geographical concentration of weapons productions facilities that made the facilities vulnerable to attack. 
B) The collusion between military leaders and weapons builders that promoted a more aggressive foreign policy. 
C) The difficulty of demobilizing the military effort at the end of World War II. 
D) The superiority of Soviet weapons that put the United States at risk. 
E) A secret weapons manufacturing plant in the closed Soviet city of Magadan. 
A) A geographical concentration of weapons productions facilities that made the facilities vulnerable to attack. 
B) The collusion between military leaders and weapons builders that promoted a more aggressive foreign policy. 
C) The difficulty of demobilizing the military effort at the end of World War II. 
D) The superiority of Soviet weapons that put the United States at risk. 
E) A secret weapons manufacturing plant in the closed Soviet city of Magadan.

Question 11

How can the level of influence an interest group has had in making a foreign policy decision be determined?

Accepted Answer

A) Usually policies only happen for one reason,so if it benefits a group then it likely happened because of its influence. 
B) One can assume that,since a policy decision benefited a group,the decision must have been made in order to benefit that group. 
C) In democracies,interest groups have to make their campaign contributions public,so one can link the amount of money with policy decisions that benefit a group. 
D) Measuring the influence of an interest group is difficult,because usually one cannot directly observe the connection between a group and the ultimate decision. 
E) Scholars find out how much influence an interest group has had when official records are made public long after the decision has been made. 
A) Usually policies only happen for one reason,so if it benefits a group then it likely happened because of its influence. 
B) One can assume that,since a policy decision benefited a group,the decision must have been made in order to benefit that group. 
C) In democracies,interest groups have to make their campaign contributions public,so one can link the amount of money with policy decisions that benefit a group. 
D) Measuring the influence of an interest group is difficult,because usually one cannot directly observe the connection between a group and the ultimate decision. 
E) Scholars find out how much influence an interest group has had when official records are made public long after the decision has been made.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of accountability?

Accepted Answer

A) The leader of a country starts a war to distract attention from his or her government's struggles. 
B) After a country declares war,public support for the government rises sharply. 
C) The military pushes for more defense funding for troops in the field. 
D) The leader of a country that was unsuccessful in war loses the next election. 
E) A powerful interest group lobbies on behalf of sending more support to a country it favors. 
A) The leader of a country starts a war to distract attention from his or her government's struggles. 
B) After a country declares war,public support for the government rises sharply. 
C) The military pushes for more defense funding for troops in the field. 
D) The leader of a country that was unsuccessful in war loses the next election. 
E) A powerful interest group lobbies on behalf of sending more support to a country it favors.

Question 13

Which of the following explanations of the United States' wars with Iraq relies on a particularistic interest explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States government undermines regimes that threaten the profits of U.S.oil companies. 
B) Oil is an important component of military power,and the United States must safeguard its supply. 
C) Oil is critical for the smooth functioning of the economy,and the United States must avoid abrupt changes in oil supply and price. 
D) Stability in the Middle East would make the United States more secure. 
E) Spreading democracy in the Middle East would make the threat of war less likely. 
A) The United States government undermines regimes that threaten the profits of U.S.oil companies. 
B) Oil is an important component of military power,and the United States must safeguard its supply. 
C) Oil is critical for the smooth functioning of the economy,and the United States must avoid abrupt changes in oil supply and price. 
D) Stability in the Middle East would make the United States more secure. 
E) Spreading democracy in the Middle East would make the threat of war less likely.

Question 14

All of the following are reasons that members of the military would be predisposed to an aggressive foreign policy EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) military leaders may be ideologically inclined to prefer military solutions to foreign policy problems. 
B) military leaders may overestimate how efficient the use of force will be,compared to other possible solutions to foreign policy problems. 
C) military officers do not care if they put their troops into dangerous situations. 
D) the military can receive larger budgets when a country is facing the prospect of international conflict. 
E) military officers usually need combat experience for promotion. 
A) military leaders may be ideologically inclined to prefer military solutions to foreign policy problems. 
B) military leaders may overestimate how efficient the use of force will be,compared to other possible solutions to foreign policy problems. 
C) military officers do not care if they put their troops into dangerous situations. 
D) the military can receive larger budgets when a country is facing the prospect of international conflict. 
E) military officers usually need combat experience for promotion.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a part of a bureaucracy?

Accepted Answer

A) The leader of a country. 
B) The military leadership. 
C) An intelligence agency. 
D) An interest group. 
E) The diplomatic corps. 
A) The leader of a country. 
B) The military leadership. 
C) An intelligence agency. 
D) An interest group. 
E) The diplomatic corps.

Question 16

What effect do influential,dovish interest groups have on the bargaining model of war?

Accepted Answer

A) They make war between states more likely. 
B) They decrease the acceptable bargaining range for the state in which they are located. 
C) They increase the acceptable bargaining range for the state in which they are located. 
D) They decrease the acceptable bargaining range for the opposing state. 
E) They increase the acceptable bargaining range for the opposing state. 
A) They make war between states more likely. 
B) They decrease the acceptable bargaining range for the state in which they are located. 
C) They increase the acceptable bargaining range for the state in which they are located. 
D) They decrease the acceptable bargaining range for the opposing state. 
E) They increase the acceptable bargaining range for the opposing state.

Question 17

Domestic actors can affect the likelihood of international conflict in all of the following ways EXCEPT domestic actors:

Accepted Answer

A) alone determine whether a state will go to war. 
B) can widen or narrow the scope of goods over which leaders might wage war. 
C) can influence when and how often a state's interests will come into conflict with other states' interests. 
D) can determine the size of the demands that states make. 
E) can influence how much risk the state is willing to take. 
A) alone determine whether a state will go to war. 
B) can widen or narrow the scope of goods over which leaders might wage war. 
C) can influence when and how often a state's interests will come into conflict with other states' interests. 
D) can determine the size of the demands that states make. 
E) can influence how much risk the state is willing to take.

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to lose office after leading his or her country into war?

Accepted Answer

A) An autocratic leader whose country wins a war. 
B) An autocratic leader whose country loses a war. 
C) A democratic leader whose country wins a war. 
D) A democratic leader whose country loses a war. 
E) Leaders almost never lose office after leading a country into war. 
A) An autocratic leader whose country wins a war. 
B) An autocratic leader whose country loses a war. 
C) A democratic leader whose country wins a war. 
D) A democratic leader whose country loses a war. 
E) Leaders almost never lose office after leading a country into war.

Question 19

Why did Argentina attack the Falklands/Malvinas Islands?

Accepted Answer

A) The Argentine government expected that taking control of the islands would improve its ability to stay in power. 
B) The Argentine public pressured the government to retake the islands. 
C) Argentine business groups pushed for the government to safeguard their economic interests in the islands. 
D) Argentine military officers needed combat experience in order to be promoted to the highest ranks. 
E) The Argentine government felt it had to launch a preemptive war. 
A) The Argentine government expected that taking control of the islands would improve its ability to stay in power. 
B) The Argentine public pressured the government to retake the islands. 
C) Argentine business groups pushed for the government to safeguard their economic interests in the islands. 
D) Argentine military officers needed combat experience in order to be promoted to the highest ranks. 
E) The Argentine government felt it had to launch a preemptive war.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a diversionary incentive?

Accepted Answer

A) The leader of a country starts a war to distract attention from his or her government's struggles. 
B) After a country declares war,public support for the government rises sharply. 
C) The military pushes for more defense funding for troops in the field. 
D) The leader of a country that was unsuccessful in war loses the next election. 
E) A powerful interest group lobbies on behalf of sending more support to a country it favors. 
A) The leader of a country starts a war to distract attention from his or her government's struggles. 
B) After a country declares war,public support for the government rises sharply. 
C) The military pushes for more defense funding for troops in the field. 
D) The leader of a country that was unsuccessful in war loses the next election. 
E) A powerful interest group lobbies on behalf of sending more support to a country it favors.

Which of the following best describes how the military can influence decision making?

Which of the following statements about military actors is true?

All of the following are reasons for doubting the democratic peace EXCEPT:

Which of the following is an example of a national interest?

Which of the following countries would be considered a liberal democracy?

Which of the following is an example of the rally-round-the-flag effect?

Countries that restrict competition in elections such that one party is almost assured of victory are considered:

What does the expression "where you stand depends on where you sit" mean?

What is the rally effect? What causes it? Do you believe leaders purposefully change their behavior to cause a rally effect? Why might they or might they not do so?

What was the military-industrial complex that U.S.president Dwight Eisenhower warned about?

How can the level of influence an interest group has had in making a foreign policy decision be determined?

Which of the following is an example of accountability?

Which of the following explanations of the United States' wars with Iraq relies on a particularistic interest explanation?

All of the following are reasons that members of the military would be predisposed to an aggressive foreign policy EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a part of a bureaucracy?

What effect do influential,dovish interest groups have on the bargaining model of war?

Domestic actors can affect the likelihood of international conflict in all of the following ways EXCEPT domestic actors:

Which of the following is most likely to lose office after leading his or her country into war?

Why did Argentina attack the Falklands/Malvinas Islands?

Which of the following is an example of a diversionary incentive?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 5: Domestic Politics and War

Which of the following best describes how the military can influence decision making?

Which of the following statements about military actors is true?

All of the following are reasons for doubting the democratic peace EXCEPT:

Which of the following is an example of a national interest?

Which of the following countries would be considered a liberal democracy?

Which of the following is an example of the rally-round-the-flag effect?

Countries that restrict competition in elections such that one party is almost assured of victory are considered:

What does the expression "where you stand depends on where you sit" mean?

What is the rally effect? What causes it? Do you believe leaders purposefully change their behavior to cause a rally effect? Why might they or might they not do so?

What was the military-industrial complex that U.S.president Dwight Eisenhower warned about?

How can the level of influence an interest group has had in making a foreign policy decision be determined?

Which of the following is an example of accountability?

Which of the following explanations of the United States' wars with Iraq relies on a particularistic interest explanation?

All of the following are reasons that members of the military would be predisposed to an aggressive foreign policy EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT a part of a bureaucracy?

What effect do influential,dovish interest groups have on the bargaining model of war?

Domestic actors can affect the likelihood of international conflict in all of the following ways EXCEPT domestic actors:

Which of the following is most likely to lose office after leading his or her country into war?

Why did Argentina attack the Falklands/Malvinas Islands?

Which of the following is an example of a diversionary incentive?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters